chapter 2 test Flashcards
indulgences
paying $$ for a pardon of sins or reward for good behavior
what was the Edict of worms?
The trial of Marten Luther in the town of worms that resulted in his him being and his writings being labeled as a heretic and outlawed from the church
what does vernacular mean?
A language that is commonly spoken in a locality, the native language of a place.
peace of Augsburg?
1555, religion of each German state would be decided by it’s ruler
what was the act of supremacy?
defined the right of Henry VIII to be supreme head on earth of the Church of England, thereby severing ecclesiastical links with Rome.
what was the treaty of Westphalia?
treaty to end the 30 year war.
the roman Empire is weekend
France became a dominant power
Calvinism becomes a religious option
Freedom of religion in the Holy Roman Empire
who was Johannes Gutenberg?
he created the printing press which helped spread Luther’s thesis spread quickly
Who was Martin Luther?
A german Monk who was dissatisfied with the church and believed:
Faith saves people not good works.
Ultimate authority for Christians is the Bible
No one is more important in God’s eyes; all humans are=equal before God
Who was Charles V?
At one point He was the king of Spain during the Holy Roman Empire. And had some relations with King Henry VII
Who was John Calvin?
His ideas hit the church with a pow!
Predestination
Our- moral lives will reveal if were chosen by God to go to heaven or hell
Work- ethic, righteous life that honors God
Who was Jan Huss of Bohemia?
He lead church serves in the vernacular (common language)
taught that the Bible had more authority than church leaders.
died by being burned at the stake
who was John Wycliffe of England?
translated the Bible to English
taught that the Bible had more authority than church leaders
he died by posthumous (execution)
Who was John Knox?
He visited Calvin in Geneva and liked his teachings
He returned to his native Scoutland and his followers were called Presbyterians
who was Henry Vll?
Famous for his six wives
began his reign as a devout catholic.
He and his wife (Catherin of Aragon) has a daughter Mary, but no male heir
convinced that Catherine
The pope annul a marriage, but refused
Henry called on Parliament to pass laws ending Pope’s pope in England and legalize his divorce
In 1534,, Henry breaks from the catholic church and declared himself had of the church of England
Who was Elizabeth I?
Anne Boleyn’s first daughter
reigned as Queen for 44 years
Her time as ruler was the golden age of England
Protestantism grows and the catholic church losses power
who was Mary I ?
parents- Henry Vll, Catherin of Aragon
after the death of her only brother she beheads her cousin Jane who her brother appointed his heir
She then takes over and returns England to the catholic church, she burned religious dissenters at the stake (280)
Who were all 6 of Henrys wives in order?
1.Kathern of Aragon
2. Anne Boleyn
3. Jane Seymore
4. Anne of Cleves
5. Catherin Howard
6. Catherin Parr
what were the major caused of the reformation?
100 year war and black death
clergy was uneducated
busy with worldly affairs- not doing spiritual work
Scientific advances which contradicted the catholic church
Indulgences
What were Martin Luther’s main beliefs?
Faith saves people not good works
ultimate authority for Christians is the Bible
No one is more important in God’s eyes; all humans are = equal before God
How did John Calvin’s teachings differ from Matin Luther’s?
John Calvin believed in Predestination and Luther believed in salivation by faith along.
How did Martin Luther respond to the Pope’s orders that he recant?
he said no and did not not give up his beliefs
as a result Luther burned the order and was excommunicated from the church
What beliefs were confirmed at the council of Trent?
Bible + Tradition= Authority
Faith + authority= salivation
selling indulgences banned
seminaries
pope is head of church on Earth
What alliance won the 30 year war? why was it peculler?
France, this alliance was peculiar because France was a catholic country and they supported the protestants
what sis the 30 year war star out as?
it started out as a religious war between the protistans and Catholics
How did the 30 change over time?
As time went on it became broader
blooder
more political
less religious
What did the 30 year war ultimately become?
it ultimately became about politics and control
The 30 Years’ War started as a religious conflict It ultimately became about who was going to have political power in Europe.
what was the conflict between the pope and kings during the Renaissance and reformation?
the conflict was power
they all wanted power and to have control
who was more powerful the pope or the kings?
explain
Popes had more power than kings because they were seen as God’s messengers on Earth.
was the 30 year’ war more political or religious in motive and nature?
explain
the 30 year war started out more religious but ended being overall political
We can see this France supports the protistans as a catholic country. They did this because it was better for them politically.
