Chapter 2 - Terms to know Flashcards
Bacteria
Microscopic organisms that only have one cell
Antibiotics
Used to treat and prevent bacterial infections
Plasmid in bacteria
Carry genes to copy their DNA
Flagellum in bacteria
Enables movement
Peptidoglycan in bacteria
Structural element in the cell wall
Pili in bacteria
Cell attachment during DNA transfer
Capsule in bacteria
Protecting bacteria from toxic compounds
Obligate aerobe
Needs oxygen to obtain energy
Facultative aerobe
Can live or without oxygen
Obligate anaerobe
Can’t live in the presence of oxygen
Binary fission
Division of one parent cell into two daughter cells
Transformation
Cells taking pieces of DNA from the environment
Conjugation
Two cells join to exchange genetic information
Endospores
Spores that form within the bacteria
Bacteriophage
Inject their genetic information into their host
Lysis
Occurs when the host cell ruptures
Lysogeny
When the viral DNA can stay in a dormant state
Eukaryotes
Nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
Two membranes, internal membranes are similar to their ancestral prokaryote, internal chromosomes, reproduce with binary fission, originated through endosymbiosis
Endosymbiosis
A single-celled organism living within another organism
Haploid
Cells that contain half of the usual genetic information
Diploid
Cells that contain two of every chromosome
Spore
A cell that certain fungi, plants, and bacteria produce
Gametes
Organisms reproductive cells
Sporophyte
Multicellular diploid
Gametophyte
Sexual phase in the life cycle of plants and algae
Vaccine
Mixture containing weakened viruses so your body gets used to fighting it off. If your body gets a virus, it now has a memory of how to fight it off
Viroid
Small infectious piece of RNA that is responsible for diseases in plants
Prion
Abnormally shaped protein that causes disease in mammals (mad cow disease)
Sporulation
DNA can survive in a dormant state when conditions are unfavourable
