chapter 2 terms and definitions part 1

Question 1

Solid and hot because it is under a lot of pressure.`

Answer 1

inner core

Question 2

Liquid material that surrounds the inner core.

Answer 2

outre core

Question 3

A liquid and semi liquid layer that exists between the outer core and crust the upper part is known as the asthenosphere, this section is involved in plate tectonics.

Answer 3

mantle

Question 4

melted rock that makes up the mantel

Answer 4

magma

Question 5

Melted rock that is exposed to the atmosphere

Answer 5

lava

Question 6

A solid but brittle
outer layer of the planet

Answer 6

Crust (Lithosphere)

Question 7

In 1915, German Geologist Alfred Wagner proposed that the Earth’s crust is not solid but made up of plates moving up the mantle. He examined the shape of the continents, rock structures, and recovered fossils to come up with his theory. He believed there was once a supercontinent called Pangea and a sea called Panthalassa

Answer 7

The Theory of
Continental Drift

Question 8

The theory that the earth’s plates interact to produce mountains, trenches, earthquakes, and volcanoes.

Answer 8

plate tectonics

Question 9

Area of the Atlantic Ocean where the seafloor is expanding.

Answer 9

Mid-Atlantic ridge

Question 10

Area where one plate is pulled down beneath another creating volcanoes and earthquakes.

Answer 10

Subduction Zone.

Question 11

The natural features of the land’s surface.

Answer 11

topography

Question 12

Height above sea level

Answer 12

Elevation

Question 13

The difference in elevation between points

Answer 13

Relief

Question 14

The steepness of slopes

Answer 14

Gradient

Question 15

Types of rocks and the history of them.

Answer 15

Geology

Question 16

What do the features look like

Answer 16

General appearance.

Question 17

an areas landforms together with its cover of vegetation water, ice, and rock.
This includes all human features

Answer 17

landscape

Question 18

Occur When two crustal plates push together and the land bends due to the force of compression

Answer 18

Fold mountains

Question 19

Occur when moving magma separates, or compresses plates

Answer 19

Fault block mountains

Question 20

How landforms are created

Answer 20

mountain making

Question 21

the wearing down forces of the atmosphere.

Answer 21

weathering

Question 22

The moving of weathered material

Answer 22

erosion

Question 23

Where eroded materials are dropped create new forms

Answer 23

deposition

Question 24

Oldest rock in Canada
4 billion years old
Foundation for other landforms
Most of the shield has shallow acidic podzols
Support coniferous growth
Bad for farming
Covers most of central Canada

Answer 24

canadian shield

Question 25

Formed around 375 million years ago when the Eurasian plate and the North American plate collided to form the super continent Pangea
Mountains have been worn down by ice and water
Typical height of the mountains is 1000m
Covered mostly by mixed forest
Found in most of Atlantic Canada

Answer 25

Appalachian mountains

Question 26

Consists of a series of parallel mountain ranges
Coast Mountains
Columbia Mountains
Rocky Mountains
Many mountains over 3000m
Many valleys with farming potential
West facing slopes have great forests
Found in British Columbia, Yukon, and Western Alberta

Answer 26

Western cordillera

Question 27

Found in the far North
Many over 2000m tall
Steep sided
Too cold for trees to grow

Answer 27

innuitian mountains

Question 28

Area to the south of the Innuitian Mountains
Mostly tundra
Tundra: treeless plain
Located mostly in Nunavut

Answer 28

arctic lowlands

Question 29

Found between the Shield and Western Cordillera
Created when a inland sea receded
Made up of three prairie planes separated by two escarpments
Steep slopes
Fertile soil known as chernozem.
Found in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and North West Territories

Answer 29

interior plains

Question 30

Found to the south of the Canadian Shield
Flooded by Champlain sea nearly 10000 years ago.
As sea receded left a flat area of very fertile soil
Soil known as brown earth
Extends from South Western Ontario along the Great Lakes and through Quebec

Answer 30

Great Lakes St. Lawrence Lowlands

Question 31

A low area of the shield with a build up of Paleozoic rock to a depth of 2000m
Located in northern Ontario and Manitoba
Flat and poorly drained
Covered by swamps and trees

Answer 31

Hudson Bay Lowlands