Chapter 2 Terms

Question 1

The collection of probabilities from the various outcomes possible in a situation

Answer 1

Event

Question 2

Events that cannot occur simultaneously

Answer 2

Mutually exclusive events

Question 3

Probability of an event occurring is 1 - the probability that the event will not occur

Answer 3

Compliment Rule

Question 4

The symbol for the occurrence of something other than the event, A, in question

Answer 4

A^c

Question 5

Symmetrical curve representing observed values relative to the mean

Answer 5

Standard Normal Distribution

Question 6

Common term for Standard Normal Distribuiton

Answer 6

Bell-shaped Curve

Question 7

Sum of the squared differences between values divided by the number of observations less 1 (n-1)

Answer 7

Variance

Question 8

Square root of the variance represented by the symbol: theta

Answer 8

Standard Deviation

Question 9

Central range within which 68.25% of values occur in a standard Normal distribution

Answer 9

+- 1 Standard Deviation

Question 10

Central Range within which 95.44% of values occur in a standard Normal distribution

Answer 10

+- 2 Standard Deviation

Question 11

Central Range within which 99.74% of values occur in a standard Normal Distribuion

Answer 11

+-3 Standard Deviation

Question 12

Term defining increments of standard deviation located above or below the mean

Answer 12

z-score/z-value

Question 13

Curve showing distribution values as non-symmetrical above/below the mean

Answer 13

Skewed Distribution

Question 14

Curve in which the median is significantly different from the mean

Answer 14

Concentration of Values

Question 15

Term referring to the distribution values above or below a given central portion of a distribuion

Answer 15

Tail

Question 16

A value in a distribution that is substantially higher or lower than a defined central portion

Answer 16

Outlier

Question 17

The highest and lowest values in a distribution expressed in the units of the research subjects

Answer 17

Range

Question 18

Illustration comparing values of two variables that may be interrelated

Answer 18

Scatter plot or scatter diagram

Question 19

Computer-calculated plot or graph estimating the relationship between two variables

Answer 19

Trend Line

Question 20

Trend lines that model or forecast estimated values (past or future)using available data

Answer 20

Linear model

Question 21

A formal mathematical proof of the Law of Large Numbers

Answer 21

Central Limits Theorem

Question 22

Distribution of observed values in a sample often referred to as a “distribution”

Answer 22

Sampling Distribution

Question 23

Estimated standard deviation likely among multiple samples

Answer 23

Sampling Error or Standard Error

Question 24

Value of Sampling Error defining a range of variability relative to the selected confidence level

Answer 24

Margin of Error

Question 25

Most commonly used confidence level with a range of +- 1.96 standard deviation of the mean

Answer 25

95% Confidence Level

Question 26

At a 95% confidence level, Margin of Error defines the range of 95% of possible values

Answer 26

Common Margin of Error

Question 27

Pair of statements used to focus a research objective on two mutually exclusive outcomes

Answer 27

Hypothesis

Question 28

States the hope, fear, expectation or concern of the testing organization

Answer 28

Alternative Hypothesis (HA)

Question 29

States the negation or nullification of the Alternative Hypothesis

Answer 29

Null Hypothesis (H0)

Question 30

Discovery in subsequent study that preliminary acceptance of the (Ha) was inaccurate

Answer 30

Type I Error

Question 31

Discovery in subsequent study that preliminary acceptance of the Ho was inaccurate

Answer 31

Type II Error

Question 32

The proportion of the distribution outside the range of the selected confidence level

Answer 32

Alpha Level

Question 33

Another name for Alpha

Answer 33

Level of Significance

Question 34

The three mutually exclusive pairs of null and alternative hypotheses

Answer 34

Pairs of Hypotheses

Question 35

Tables used to approximate probabilities when standard deviation is unknown

Answer 35

T- Distribuions

Question 36

Value determined by subtracting 1 from the number of distribution observations

Answer 36

Degrees of Freedom