Chapter 2 Terms

Question 1

Anything that takes up space and has mass

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

The building block of matter; the smallest possible particle of an element

Answer 2

Atom

Question 3

A pure substance made of only one kind of atom

Answer 3

Element

Question 4

The ability to do work; especially in biology, the driver of the physical and chemical processes necessary for life

Answer 4

Energy

Question 5

A measurement of the average kinetic energy of the particles with in a substance

Answer 5

Temperature

Question 6

A change in a substance that does not change the identity of the substance (e.g: a change of form or state)

Answer 6

Physical change

Question 7

A change in a substance that causes it to change its chemical identity

Answer 7

Chemical change

Question 8

A change in a substance that causes it to change its chemical identity

Answer 8

Chemical change

Question 9

An electrostatic attraction that forms between atoms when they share or transfer electrons

Answer 9

Bond

Question 10

A pure substance made from 2 or more elements that are chemically combined

Answer 10

Compound

Question 11

The smallest particle of a covalently bonded compound

Answer 11

Molecule

Question 12

The process by which one substance, the solute, is broken up into smaller parts and distributed within a second substance, the solvent (example: salt added to water)

Answer 12

Dissolving

Question 13

A substance that can produce hydrogen ions (H+) in solution

Answer 13

Acid

Question 14

A substance that can produce hydroxide ions (OH-) or accept hydrogen ions (H+) in solution

Answer 14

Base

Question 15

The process in which particles in solution are evenly distributed throughout the solvent by Brownian motion

Answer 15

Diffusion

Question 16

A substance that is present before a chemical reaction and takes part in it. It is usually shown on the left hand side of a chemical equation

Answer 16

Reactant

Question 17

A substance found during a chemical reaction, usually indicated on the right hand side of a chemical equation

Answer 17

Product

Question 18

A substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction but is not itself used up or affected by the reaction

Answer 18

Catalyst

Question 19

A naturally occurring catalyst, usually a protein

Answer 19

Enzyme

Question 20

A substance that binds to an enzyme and reduces its activity, thus show in a chemical reaction

Answer 20

Inhibitor

Question 21

A molecule having an uneven distribution of electrical charge, resulting in some regions of the molecule having negative charge while others are positive

Answer 21

Polar molecule

Question 22

The attraction between like particles within polar structures (example: water to water)

Answer 22

Cohesion

Question 23

The attraction of particles in one substance to particles in a different substance

Answer 23

Adhesion

Question 24

Covalently bonded compound containing the element carbon

Answer 24

Organic compound

Question 25

An organic compound comprised of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose), starch and cellulose

Answer 25

Carbohydrate

Question 26

One of a class of simple organic compounds important in living things as a source of both energy and structure

Answer 26

Sugars

Question 27

A class of nonpolar organic compounds that are insoluble in water and are used for energy storage and cell membranes in living things; contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes fats, oils, and steroids

Answer 27

Lipids

Question 28

One of a class of organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins

Answer 28

Amino acids

Question 29

A member of a class of organic compounds that serve as the building blocks for the information storage molecules DNA and RNA; contains carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus

Answer 29

Nucleotides