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AP HUG > Chapter 2 Study Guide > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Earth population

A

Nearly 8 billion people

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2
Q

Where are most of the world’s population growing

A

In developing countries

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3
Q

Overpopulation

A

When the number of people exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living

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4
Q

Census

A

The single most important data source for a geographer

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5
Q

Ecumene

A

The portion of Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement

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6
Q

Non-ecumene

A

An area that does not have permanent human settlements

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7
Q

4 lands that are sparsely populated

A

Dry, Wet, Cold, and High

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8
Q

Arithmetic Density

A

Total number of people divided by the total land area

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9
Q

Physiological Density

A

Number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture

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10
Q

Agricultural Density

A

Number of farmers per unit area of farmland

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11
Q

Doubling Time

A

Number of years needed to double a population

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12
Q

Current doubling time

A

54 years

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13
Q

Regions with high CBR

A

Africa, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa

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14
Q

Regions with low CBR

A

Siberia, North America, and Europe

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15
Q

Demography

A

Scientific study of population characteristics; look at how people are distributed spatially

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16
Q

Total Fertility Rate

A

Average number of children a woman is expected to have throughout her childbearing years

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17
Q

World TFR

A

2.4

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18
Q

US TFR

A

1.9

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19
Q

Regions with high TFR

A

Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia

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20
Q

Regions with low TFR

A

Europe and North America

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21
Q

Demographic Transition

A

Change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates

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22
Q

Inductrial Revolution

A

A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods

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23
Q

Medical Revolution

A

Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that has diffused to developing or poorer countries

24
Q

Zero Population Growth

A

A decline of the TFR to the point where the natural increase rate is 0

25
Q

The health of women affects them and

A

their children

26
Q

Sex ratio

A

Number of males per 100 females in the population

27
Q

Regions that don’t adhere to the standard sex ratio

A

India, China, and the Middle East

28
Q

What is the root cause of the China, India, and the Middle East not adhering to the sex ratio

A

Gender inequality

29
Q

Maternal mortality rate

A

Annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births

30
Q

Maternal mortality rate in developed countries

A

8-14

31
Q

Maternal mortality rate in developing countries

A

100 to 500+

32
Q

Population pyramid

A

A bar graph that displays the percantage of a place’s population for each age and gender

33
Q

Dependency Ratio

A

Number of people who are too young or old to work compared to the number of people in their productive years

34
Q

Large dependency ratio means

A

greater financial burden on thos working to support those who do not work

35
Q

Region with the highest dependency ratio

A

Sub-Saharan Africa

36
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

Annual number of deaths of infants under the age of 1 compared to live births

37
Q

Elderly support ratio

A

Number of working age people divided by the number of people 65 and older

38
Q

How is the US different when it comes to health care

A

It is the only developed country that does not offer universal health care, and t a lot of the government budget is spent on health care

39
Q

Epidemiology

A

Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that a prevalent among a population at a particular time

40
Q

Stage 1 of the DTM

A

Epidemic and pandemics are the principal cause of human death “natural checks”

41
Q

Stage 2 of the DTM

A

Receding pandemics because of improved sanitation, nutrition, and medicine(chlorea)

42
Q

Stage 3 of the DTM

A

Decrease in deaths from infectious diseases and more deaths due to chronic disorders associated with aging

43
Q

Stage 4 of the DTM

A

Delayed degenerative diseases linger, but the life expectancy of older people is higher due to medical advancements

44
Q

Thomas Malthus Theory

A

The population increase would overrun the resource growth, population was growing geometically while the resource growth was arithmetically

45
Q

Neo-Malthusians

A

People who believe in Malthus

46
Q

Beliefs of Neo-Malthusians

A

The world population is outgrowing the food, water, and energy in the world

The gap between population growth and resources is wider than anticipated

47
Q

Beliefs of crictics of Neo-Malthusians

A

Carrying capacity is higher

Population growth is slower than Malthus predicted

Some foods are being produced faster than Malthus predicted

48
Q

Characteristics of Stage 5 of the DTM

A

Very low CBR, increasing CDR, and declining NIR

Country would have a low number of young woman aging into childbearing years

49
Q

Regions on the brink of Stage 5

A

Japan, some European countries, and Russia

50
Q

Causes of Stage 5

A

Evolution of diseases, poverty, and increased connections(globalization)

51
Q

What diffusion causes the spread of infectious diseases like AIDS and Ebola

A

Relocation diffusion

52
Q

What diffusion results in the spread of medical advancements

A

Expansion diffusion

53
Q

What 2 strategies reduce CBR

A

Education and contraception

54
Q

What countries have had successful reductions in CBR due to contraception

A

Colombia, Morocco, and Thailand

55
Q

Family planning methods

A

Birth control, IUDs, and sterilization

56
Q

Country with the highest rate of family planning

A

China

AP HUG (2 decks)

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