AP Euro Age of Exploration Flashcards
Two reasons why Europeans explored
God and Glory
Which Catholic countries were interested in commerce and spreading beliefs?
Portugal, Spain, and France
Which Protestant countries were interested in commerce only?
The Netherlands and England
Marco Polo
Venetian merchant who published an account of his travels throughout Asia in the late 13th century, and it gave medieval Europeans their most detailed information about the region
What were Europeans hoping to discover?
An all-water route connecting Europe and Asia
Mercantilism
Measurement of the wealth of a country by how much gold and silver it accumulated through trade
Favorable balance of trade
Means that a country exports more than it imports
Portolani
Detailed charts developed in the 13th and 14th centuries
Prince Henry the Navigator
Portuguese leader who established a school for navigators in Portugal
Bartholomeu Dias
First European to sail around the Cape of Good Hope, but was turned back because of his crew
Vasco da Gama
Rounded the Cape 10 years after Dias, and then he sailed to India by crossing the Indian Ocean
Treaty of Tordesillas
Treaty in which Spain and Portugal agreed to establish separate spheres of colonial influence
Pedro Alvares Cabral
Claimed Brazil as a colony for Portugal in 1500
Columbus
Went to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella in order to fund his trip to the New World
Amerigo Vespucci
Italian explorer who traveled to South America and was the first to refer to the area as the New World, and the Americas were named after him
Hernan Cortes
Spanish conquistador who first reached the Gulf of Mexico in 1519 and he conquered the Aztec Empire
Mexico City
Built on the ruins of Tenochtitlan, the Aztec capital
Bartolme de las Casas
Spanish Dominican missionary who insisted the encomienda system and forced labor were wrong
Encomeinda system
System that forced the indigenous people to work for the conquistadors
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
Spanish explorer who crossed the Isthmus of Panama in 1513
Francisco Pizarro
Conquistador who arrived in South America in 1530 and conquered the Incan Empire
Ferdinand Magellan
Portugues explorer who led a crew and became the first to circumnavigate the globe, even though he died in the Philippines
Colombian Exchange
The exchange of plants, animals, and germs between the Old World and the New World
What went from the Americas to Europe in the Colombian Exchange
Tomatoes, potatoes, squash, corn, turkeys, llamas, alpacas, guinea pigs, syphilis, rubber, quinine
What went from Europe to the Americas in the Colombian Exchange
Cattle, horses, pigs, sheep, cultivation of wheat, sugar, coffee, oranges, typhus, influenza, measles, smallpox, alphabet, gunpowder, weapons
Dutch East India Company
Founded in 1602 and focused on Asian trade and established a strong presence in the Spice Islands
Dutch West India Company
Created in 1621 and focused on the Americas and established the colony of New Amsterdam
Giovanni de Verrazano
Italian navigator who sailed on behalf of France and explored the Atlantic coast from North Carolina to Newfoundland
Jacques Cartier
First European to explore St. Lawerence Rive in Canada
Samuel de Champlain
Founded Quebec in 1608
John Cabot
Claimed Jamestown, parts of Canada, and was involved in the British East India Company
Willem Schouten
Established the colony of New Amsterdam
