Chapter 2: Structure and Functions of Cells of the Nervous System Flashcards
consists of the parts that
are encased by the bones of the skull and spinal column:
the brain and the spinal cord.
The central nervous system
found outside these bones and consists of the
nerves and most of the sensory organs.
The peripheral nervous system
bundles of thousands of individual neurons, all wrapped in a tough, protective membrane.
Nerves
specialized cells of the PNS
Sensory neurons
Movements are accomplished by the contraction of muscles, which are controlled by ____.
Motor neurons
in between sensory neurons and motor neurons are the ________—neurons that lie entirely within
the CNS.
Interneurons
analyze small pieces of information.
Local interneurons
connect circuits of local interneurons in one
region of the brain with those in other regions.
Relay interneurons
contains the nucleus and
much of the machinery that provides for the life processes
of the cell.
SOMA (cell body)
function much like antennas to receive messages from other neurons.
Dendrites
a small space
between the terminal buttons (described later) of the sending cell and a portion of the somatic or dendritic membrane
of the receiving cell.
Synapse
long, slender tube, often covered by a myelin sheath.
Axon
they secrete a chemical called a
neurotransmitter.
Terminal button
an active process
that propels substances along microtubule “tracks” that
run inside the length of the axon.
Axoplasmic transport
Movement from the soma
to the terminal buttons
Anterograde
