Chapter 2: Structuralism

Question 1

Saussure attacked the conventional……………..theory of meaning whereby language was viewed as a naming process.
(correspondence-despondence)

Answer 1

correspondence

Question 2

According to Saussure, the meaning is determined by collective behavior or…………and is fixed by rules.
(convention-individual)

Answer 2

convention

Question 3

Language is a system of signs and meaning itself is………, produced by interaction of various signifiers and signifieds within that system.
(relational-relative)

Answer 3

relational

Question 4

Levi-Strauss arrived at some influential insights into the nature of myth. (true or false)

Answer 4

true

Question 5

What gives a myth an enduring value is that the specific pattern described is……………… (timeless-timeline)

Answer 5

timeless

Question 6

Levi-Strauss considered that in modern societies myth has been largely replaced by………..
(politics-policy)

Answer 6

politics

Question 7

An important claim of Levi-Strauss was that his method eliminates the problematic quest for a true or earlier……..of a myth.
(version-conversion)

Answer 7

version

Question 8

Structuralism………….sharply from the Romantic notion of the author as the source of meaning.
(diverged-converged)

Answer 8

diverged

Question 9

Ferdinand de Saussure was effectively the founder of modern………….,as well as of Structuralism.
(linguistics-phonetics)

Answer 9

linguistics

Question 10

Prior to Saussure, the predominant modes of analyzing language were…………
(geographical and philosophical-historical and philological)

Answer 10

historical and philological

Question 11

Saussure undertook a…………….approach which saw language as a structure that could be studied in its entirely at a given point in time.
(synchronic-sympathic)

Answer 11

synchronic

Question 12

Saussure argued that language is a system of signs in relation: no sign has meaning in…………
(isolation-desolation)

Answer 12

isolation

Question 13

In his course in General linguistics, Saussure explains that it is langue, not the acts of speech, which must be the………………of scientific investigation.
(abject-object)

Answer 13

object

Question 14

Saussure sign urges that both terms of the Linguistic are psychological in nature. (true or false)

Answer 14

true

Question 15

'’Signified’’ designates the object; and ‘‘signifier’‘…………………the sound.
(designates-eliminates)

Answer 15

designates

Question 16

The sign has two……………characteristics.

primordial-predominant

Answer 16

primordial

Question 17

According to Saussure the bound between signifier and signified is………………..
(arbitrary-dreary)

Answer 17

arbitrary

Question 18

Saussure makes a……………..distinction between linguistic value and signification.
(crucial-crucible)

Answer 18

crucial

Question 19

It was Barthes who made famous the notion of ‘‘the…………….of the author’’.
(death-survival)

Answer 19

death

Question 20

In ‘‘writing degree zero’’, Barthes examines the development of literary forms. (true or false)

Answer 20

true

Question 21

Barthes said that the motivation for his subsequent book, ‘‘Mythologies’’, was………………………….at the bourgeois confusion of nature and history.
(resentment-presentment)

Answer 21

resentment

Question 22

Barthes’s most fundamental suggestion is that myth is not an……………, a concept, or an idea but a language, a type of………………
(object/speech-subject/writing)

Answer 22

object/speech

Question 23

What has been most influential in Barthes’s account of myth is his………………of the process of myth-making with the process of myth-making with the process of bourgeois.
(equation-equalation)

Answer 23

equation

Question 24

According to Barthes, there are two basic ways in which myth can be opposed or………………
(undermined-underlined)

Answer 24

undermined

Question 25

Barthes’s ‘‘Elements of Semiology’’ is in many ways a…………….statement of Structuralism.
(classic-romantic)

Answer 25

classic

Question 26

On the connection of signifier and signified, Barthes rejects Saussure’s renowned claim that this connection is…………………
(arbitrary-intentional)

Answer 26

arbitrary