Chapter 2: Sources of information: Why research is best and how to find it

Question 1

availability heuristics

Answer 1

bias in intuition, in which people incorrectly estimate the frequency of something, relying predominantly on instances that easily come to mind rather than using all possible evidence in evaluating a conclusion

Question 2

bias blind spot

Answer 2

tendency for people to think that compared to others, they themselves are likely to engage in biased reasoning

Question 3

comparison group

Answer 3

group in an experiment whose levels on the independent variable differ from those of the treatment group in some intended or meaningful way (comparison condition)

Question 4

confederate

Answer 4

actor who is directed by the researcher to play a specific role in a research study

Question 5

confirmation bias

Answer 5

tendency to consider only the evidence that supports a hypothesis, including asking only the questions that will lead to the expected answer

Question 6

confound

Answer 6

general term for a potential alternative explanationfor a research finding; threat to internal validity

Question 7

effect size

Answer 7

magnitude/strenght of a relationshipbetween two or more variables

Question 8

empirical journal article

Answer 8

scholary article that reports for the first time the results of a research study

Question 9

meta-analysis

Answer 9

way of matematically averaging the effect sizes of all the studies that have tested the same variables to see what conclusion that whole body of evidence supports

Question 10

present/present bias

Answer 10

bias in intuition, in which people incorrectly estimate the relationshipbetween an event and its outcome, focusing on times the event and outcome are present, while failing to consider evidence that is absent and harder to notice

Question 11

review journal article

Answer 11

article summarizing all the studies that have been published in one research artikle