Chapter 1: Psychology Is a Way of Thinking

Question 1

evidence-based treatment

Answer 1

psychotherapy technique whose effectiveness has been supported by empirical research

Question 2

empiricism/ empirical method/ empirical research

Answer 2

use of verifiable evidence as the basis for conclusions; collecting data systematically and using it to develop, support, or challenge a theory

Question 3

theory

Answer 3

statement/set of statements that describes general principles about how variables relate to one another

Question 4

hypothesis/ theory

Answer 4

statement of the specific result the researcher expects to observe from a particular study, if the theory is correct

Question 5

data

Answer 5

set of observations representing the values of some variable, collected from one or more research studies

Question 6

falsifiablity

Answer 6

feature of a specific theory, to which it is possible to collect data that will indicate that the theory is wrong

Question 7

parsimony

Answer 7

degree to which a theory provides the simplest explanation of some phenomenon;
in the context of investigating a claim, the simplest explanation of a pattern of data;
the best explanation that requires making the fewest exceptions or qualifications

Question 8

weight of the evidence

Answer 8

conclusion drawn from reviewing scientific literature and considering the proportion of studies that is consistent with a theory

Question 9

applied research

Answer 9

research whose goal is to find a solution to a particular real-word problem

Question 10

basic research

Answer 10

research whose goal is to