Chapter 2 Some Basic Chemistry Flashcards
Elements
the simplest chemicals, which make up all mater
What elements make up 99% of the human body
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and calcium
Elements combine in may ways to form __________
molecules, both organic and inorganic
The smallest part of an element that still retains he characteristics of the element
Atom
Protons have a __________________ charge, found in the ______________ of the atom.
positive; nucleus
Neutrons have a ______________ charge, found in the _______________of the atom.
no; nucleus
Electrons have a ______________ charge, and _______________ the nucleus
negative, orbit
The number and arrangement of ________________give an atom its bonding capabilities
electrons
What kind of bonds share electrons
covalent bonds
Carbon always forms what kind of bonds
covalent
Do covalent bond weaken in water
no
What kind of bonds loss or gain electrons?
ionic bonds
Inorganic salts, acids, and basies are formed by what kind of bonds?
Ionic bonds
Do Ionic bonds weaken in water?
yes, many break and dissociation release ions for other reactions.
The number and arrangement of electrons in atoms give the atom ______________.
bonding capabilities
Decomposition
bonds that are broken within a molecule
Synhesis
bonds that are formed to join two or more molecules
A change brought about by the formation or breaking of a chemical bond
chemical reaction
Trace elements
minerals needed in small amounts
the energy-producing process of cells
cell respiration
produced as a waste product of cell respiration
carbon dioxide
A system that maintains normal pH by reacting with strong acids or strong bases to change them to substances that do not greatly change pH
Buffer System
What is the pH scale
0 to 14
On the pH scale what is below 7 considered
acidic
On the pH scale what is considered to be above 7
alkaline
On the pH scale what is considered to be neutral
7
What is essential for cell respiration; to break down food molecules to release energy
oxygen
mucus in the digestive tract
lubricant
What are plant products broken down in the digestion to glucose?
starches
What is a form of glucose stored in the liver and muscles to help regulate the blood glucose level
glycogen
A fiber of plant cells, cannot be digested but promotes efficient peristalsis in colon
cellulose
What are polysaccharides made of?
thousands of glucose molecules
