Chapter 2 Some Basic Chemistry

Question 1

Elements

Answer 1

the simplest chemicals, which make up all mater

Question 2

What elements make up 99% of the human body

Answer 2

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and calcium

Question 3

Elements combine in may ways to form __________

Answer 3

molecules, both organic and inorganic

Question 4

The smallest part of an element that still retains he characteristics of the element

Answer 4

Atom

Question 5

Protons have a __________________ charge, found in the ______________ of the atom.

Answer 5

positive; nucleus

Question 6

Neutrons have a ______________ charge, found in the _______________of the atom.

Answer 6

no; nucleus

Question 7

Electrons have a ______________ charge, and _______________ the nucleus

Answer 7

negative, orbit

Question 8

The number and arrangement of ________________give an atom its bonding capabilities

Answer 8

electrons

Question 9

What kind of bonds share electrons

Answer 9

covalent bonds

Question 10

Carbon always forms what kind of bonds

Answer 10

covalent

Question 11

Do covalent bond weaken in water

Answer 11

no

Question 12

What kind of bonds loss or gain electrons?

Answer 12

ionic bonds

Question 13

Inorganic salts, acids, and basies are formed by what kind of bonds?

Answer 13

Ionic bonds

Question 14

Do Ionic bonds weaken in water?

Answer 14

yes, many break and dissociation release ions for other reactions.

Question 15

The number and arrangement of electrons in atoms give the atom ______________.

Answer 15

bonding capabilities

Question 16

Decomposition

Answer 16

bonds that are broken within a molecule

Question 17

Synhesis

Answer 17

bonds that are formed to join two or more molecules

Question 18

A change brought about by the formation or breaking of a chemical bond

Answer 18

chemical reaction

Question 19

Trace elements

Answer 19

minerals needed in small amounts

Question 20

the energy-producing process of cells

Answer 20

cell respiration

Question 21

produced as a waste product of cell respiration

Answer 21

carbon dioxide

Question 22

A system that maintains normal pH by reacting with strong acids or strong bases to change them to substances that do not greatly change pH

Answer 22

Buffer System

Question 23

What is the pH scale

Answer 23

0 to 14

Question 24

On the pH scale what is below 7 considered

Answer 24

acidic

Question 25

On the pH scale what is considered to be above 7

Answer 25

alkaline

Question 26

On the pH scale what is considered to be neutral

Answer 26

7

Question 27

What is essential for cell respiration; to break down food molecules to release energy

Answer 27

oxygen

Question 28

mucus in the digestive tract

Answer 28

lubricant

Question 29

What are plant products broken down in the digestion to glucose?

Answer 29

starches

Question 30

What is a form of glucose stored in the liver and muscles to help regulate the blood glucose level

Answer 30

glycogen

Question 31

A fiber of plant cells, cannot be digested but promotes efficient peristalsis in colon

Answer 31

cellulose

Question 32

What are polysaccharides made of?

Answer 32

thousands of glucose molecules