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Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 1 Organization and General Plan of the Body > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Organization and General Plan of the Body Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary System Function

A

Is a barrier to pathogens and chemicals

prevents excessive water loss

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2
Q

Integumentary system Organs

A

skin, subcutaneous tissue

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3
Q

Skeletal System Function

A

supports body
protects internal organs and red bone marrow
provides a framework to be moved by muscles

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4
Q

Skeletal System Organs

A

bones

ligaments

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5
Q

Muscular System Function

A

moves the skeleton

produces heat

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6
Q

Muscular System Organs

A

muscles

tendons

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7
Q

Nervous System Function

A

Interprets sensory information and decides how to use it

regulates body functions such as movement by means of electrochemical impulses

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8
Q

Nervous System Organs

A 
brain
spinal cord
nerves
eyes
ears
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9
Q

Endocrine System Function

A

regulates body function such as growth and reproductions by means of hormones
regulates day to day metabolism by means of hormones

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10
Q

Endocrine System Organs

A 
thyroid gland
pituitary gland
ovaries
testes
pancrease
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11
Q

Circulatory System Function

A

transports oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removes waste products

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12
Q

Circulatory System Organs

A

heart
blood
arteries
veins

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13
Q

Lymphatic System Functions

A

returns tissue fluid to the blood

destroys pathogens that enter the body and provides immunity

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14
Q

Lymphatic System Organs

A

spleen
lymph nodes
thymus gland

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15
Q

Respiratory System Function

A

exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood

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16
Q

Respiratory System Organs

A

lungs
trachea
larynx
diaphragm

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17
Q

Digestive System Functions

A

changes food into simple chemical that can be absorbed and used by the body

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18
Q

Digestive System Organs

A

stomach
colon
liver
pancreas

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19
Q

Urinary System Function

A

removes waste products from the blood

regulates volume and pH of blood and tissue fluid

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20
Q

Urinary System Organs

A

kidneys
urinary bladder
urethra

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21
Q

Reproductive System Function

A

produces eggs or sperm

In women, provides a site for the developing embryo-fetus

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22
Q

Reproductive System Organs

A

female: ovaries, uterus
male: testes prostate gland

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23
Q

Antebrachial

A

forearm

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24
Q

Antecubital

A

front of elbow

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25
Axillary
armpit
26
brachial
upper arm
27
buccal (oral)
mouth
28
cardiac
heart
29
cervical
neck
30
cranial
head
31
cutaneous
skin
32
deltoid
shoulder
33
femoral
thigh
34
frontal
forehead
35
gastric
stomach
36
gluteal
buttocks
37
hepatic
liver
38
iliac
hip
39
inguinal
groin
40
lumbar
small of back
41
mammary
breast
42
nasal
nose
43
occipital
back of head
44
orbital
eye
45
parietal
crown of head
46
patellar
kneecap
47
pectoral
chest
48
pedal
foot
49
perineal
pelvic floor
50
plantar
sole of foot
51
popliteal
back of knee
52
pulmonary
lungs
53
renal
kidney
54
sacral
base of spine
55
scapular
shoulder blade
56
sternal
breastbone
57
temporal
side of head
58
umiblical
navel
59
volar (palmar)
palm
60
superior
above or higher
61
inferior
below or lower
62
anterior
toward the front
63
posterior
toward the back
64
ventral
toward the front
65
dorsal
toward the back
66
medial
toward the midline
67
lateral
away from the midline
68
internal
within, interior to
69
external
outside or exterior to
70
superficial
toward the surface
71
deep
within or interior to
72
central
the main part
73
peripheral
extending from the main part
74
proximal
closer to the origin
75
distal
farther from the origin
76
parietal
pertaining to the wall of the cavity
77
visceral
pertaining to the organs within a cavity
78
Frontal section
a plane from side to side separates the bod into front and back portions
79
sagittal section
a plane from front to back separates the body into right and left portions. A midsagittal section creates equal right and left halves
80
cross section
a plan perpendicular to the long axis of an organ. A cross section of the small intestine would look like a circle with the cavity as the center
81
longitudinal section
a plane along the long axis of an organ
82
tansverse section
a horizontal plane separates the body into upper and lower portions
83
quandrants
a transverse plane and midsagittal plane divide the abdomen into four quadrants
84
nine areas
upper areas - above the lower level of the rib cartilages are the left hypochrondriac, epigastric and right hypochondraic. middle areas - the left lumbar, umbilical, and right lumbar lower areas- below the level of the top of the pelvic bone are the left iliac, hypogastric, and right iliac
85
Define Anatomy
the study of structure
86
Define Physiology
the study of function
87
Define Pathophysiology
the study of disorders or functioning
88
Levels of organization
``` chemical - Cells - organs - organ systems - person - ```
89
chemical
inorganic and organic chemicals make up all matter, both living and non-living. The body is a container of chemicals
90
cells
the smallest living unites of the body | tissues - groups of cells with similar structure and function
91
organs
groups of tissues that contribute to specific function
92
organ systems
groups of organs that work together to perform specific functions
93
Person
all the organ systems functioning properly
94
Metabolism
is the sum of all of the chemical and physical changes that take place in the body.
95
metabolic rate
the amount of energy and heat produced per unit of time.
96
homeostasis
is a state of good health maintained by the normal meabolism
97
negative feedback mechanism
a control system in which a stimulus initiates a response that reverses or reduces the stimulus, thereby stopping the response until the stimulus occurs again
98
positive feedback mechanism
a control system that requires an external interruption or brake. has the potential to become a self-perpetuating and harmful cycle, therefore, is rare in the body
99
Cranial cavity contains
the brain
100
spinal cavity contains
the spinal cord
101
thoracic cavity contains
lungs and heart; the diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity
102
pelvic cavity contains
the urinary bladder and reproductive organs
103
abdominal cavity
many organs including: stomach, liver, intestines
104
Pleural membranes
line the chest wall and cover the lungs
105
pericardial membranes
surround the heart
106
peritoneum
lines the abdominal cavity
107
mesentery
covers the abdominal organs
108
explain anatomical position
standing straight with arms down and palms facing forward.
109
meninges
membranes that line the cranial and spinal cavities that cover the brain and spinal cord
110
microbiota
a population of microorganisms that resides on or in everybody and contributes to the normal function of the human process
111
normal flora
bacteria that produces vitamins, inhibits growth of pathogens, and have other beneficial functions
112
microbiome
a community of microorganisms, an ecosystem, a specific environment and all of its flora, many such communities in humans, such as the skin, oral cavity, or colon
113
epithelial tissue
cover or line body surface; outer layer of skin and sweat glands
114
connective tissue
connect and support parts of the body; some transport or store materials. examples- blood, bone cartilage, and adipose tissue
115
muscle tissue
are specialized for contraction which brings movement. found in organs such as urinary bladder and stomach
116
nerve tissue
specialized to generate and transmit electrochemical impulses that regulate the body function. found in brain and optic nerve
117
inorganic chemicals
simple molecules made of one or two elements other than carbon examples, h2O, oxygen, and carbon dioxide (CO2)
118
organic chemicals
always contain the elements carbon and hydrogen | examples - carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acides

Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology (2 decks)

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