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Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 1 Organization and General Plan of the Body > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Organization and General Plan of the Body Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary System Function

A

Is a barrier to pathogens and chemicals

prevents excessive water loss

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2
Q

Integumentary system Organs

A

skin, subcutaneous tissue

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3
Q

Skeletal System Function

A

supports body
protects internal organs and red bone marrow
provides a framework to be moved by muscles

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4
Q

Skeletal System Organs

A

bones

ligaments

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5
Q

Muscular System Function

A

moves the skeleton

produces heat

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6
Q

Muscular System Organs

A

muscles

tendons

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7
Q

Nervous System Function

A

Interprets sensory information and decides how to use it

regulates body functions such as movement by means of electrochemical impulses

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8
Q

Nervous System Organs

A 
brain
spinal cord
nerves
eyes
ears
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9
Q

Endocrine System Function

A

regulates body function such as growth and reproductions by means of hormones
regulates day to day metabolism by means of hormones

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10
Q

Endocrine System Organs

A 
thyroid gland
pituitary gland
ovaries
testes
pancrease
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11
Q

Circulatory System Function

A

transports oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removes waste products

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12
Q

Circulatory System Organs

A

heart
blood
arteries
veins

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13
Q

Lymphatic System Functions

A

returns tissue fluid to the blood

destroys pathogens that enter the body and provides immunity

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14
Q

Lymphatic System Organs

A

spleen
lymph nodes
thymus gland

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15
Q

Respiratory System Function

A

exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood

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16
Q

Respiratory System Organs

A

lungs
trachea
larynx
diaphragm

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17
Q

Digestive System Functions

A

changes food into simple chemical that can be absorbed and used by the body

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18
Q

Digestive System Organs

A

stomach
colon
liver
pancreas

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19
Q

Urinary System Function

A

removes waste products from the blood

regulates volume and pH of blood and tissue fluid

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20
Q

Urinary System Organs

A

kidneys
urinary bladder
urethra

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21
Q

Reproductive System Function

A

produces eggs or sperm

In women, provides a site for the developing embryo-fetus

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22
Q

Reproductive System Organs

A

female: ovaries, uterus
male: testes prostate gland

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23
Q

Antebrachial

A

forearm

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24
Q

Antecubital

A

front of elbow

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25
Q

Axillary

A

armpit

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26
Q

brachial

A

upper arm

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27
Q

buccal (oral)

A

mouth

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28
Q

cardiac

A

heart

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29
Q

cervical

A

neck

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30
Q

cranial

A

head

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31
Q

cutaneous

A

skin

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32
Q

deltoid

A

shoulder

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33
Q

femoral

A

thigh

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34
Q

frontal

A

forehead

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35
Q

gastric

A

stomach

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36
Q

gluteal

A

buttocks

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37
Q

hepatic

A

liver

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38
Q

iliac

A

hip

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39
Q

inguinal

A

groin

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40
Q

lumbar

A

small of back

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41
Q

mammary

A

breast

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42
Q

nasal

A

nose

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43
Q

occipital

A

back of head

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44
Q

orbital

A

eye

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45
Q

parietal

A

crown of head

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46
Q

patellar

A

kneecap

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47
Q

pectoral

A

chest

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48
Q

pedal

A

foot

49
Q

perineal

A

pelvic floor

50
Q

plantar

A

sole of foot

51
Q

popliteal

A

back of knee

52
Q

pulmonary

A

lungs

53
Q

renal

A

kidney

54
Q

sacral

A

base of spine

55
Q

scapular

A

shoulder blade

56
Q

sternal

A

breastbone

57
Q

temporal

A

side of head

58
Q

umiblical

A

navel

59
Q

volar (palmar)

A

palm

60
Q

superior

A

above or higher

61
Q

inferior

A

below or lower

62
Q

anterior

A

toward the front

63
Q

posterior

A

toward the back

64
Q

ventral

A

toward the front

65
Q

dorsal

A

toward the back

66
Q

medial

A

toward the midline

67
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline

68
Q

internal

A

within, interior to

69
Q

external

A

outside or exterior to

70
Q

superficial

A

toward the surface

71
Q

deep

A

within or interior to

72
Q

central

A

the main part

73
Q

peripheral

A

extending from the main part

74
Q

proximal

A

closer to the origin

75
Q

distal

A

farther from the origin

76
Q

parietal

A

pertaining to the wall of the cavity

77
Q

visceral

A

pertaining to the organs within a cavity

78
Q

Frontal section

A

a plane from side to side separates the bod into front and back portions

79
Q

sagittal section

A

a plane from front to back separates the body into right and left portions. A midsagittal section creates equal right and left halves

80
Q

cross section

A

a plan perpendicular to the long axis of an organ. A cross section of the small intestine would look like a circle with the cavity as the center

81
Q

longitudinal section

A

a plane along the long axis of an organ

82
Q

tansverse section

A

a horizontal plane separates the body into upper and lower portions

83
Q

quandrants

A

a transverse plane and midsagittal plane divide the abdomen into four quadrants

84
Q

nine areas

A

upper areas - above the lower level of the rib cartilages are the left hypochrondriac, epigastric and right hypochondraic.
middle areas - the left lumbar, umbilical, and right lumbar
lower areas- below the level of the top of the pelvic bone are the left iliac, hypogastric, and right iliac

85
Q

Define Anatomy

A

the study of structure

86
Q

Define Physiology

A

the study of function

87
Q

Define Pathophysiology

A

the study of disorders or functioning

88
Q

Levels of organization

A 
chemical -
Cells - 
organs - 
organ systems - 
person -
89
Q

chemical

A

inorganic and organic chemicals make up all matter, both living and non-living.
The body is a container of chemicals

90
Q

cells

A

the smallest living unites of the body

tissues - groups of cells with similar structure and function

91
Q

organs

A

groups of tissues that contribute to specific function

92
Q

organ systems

A

groups of organs that work together to perform specific functions

93
Q

Person

A

all the organ systems functioning properly

94
Q

Metabolism

A

is the sum of all of the chemical and physical changes that take place in the body.

95
Q

metabolic rate

A

the amount of energy and heat produced per unit of time.

96
Q

homeostasis

A

is a state of good health maintained by the normal meabolism

97
Q

negative feedback mechanism

A

a control system in which a stimulus initiates a response that reverses or reduces the stimulus, thereby stopping the response until the stimulus occurs again

98
Q

positive feedback mechanism

A

a control system that requires an external interruption or brake. has the potential to become a self-perpetuating and harmful cycle, therefore, is rare in the body

99
Q

Cranial cavity contains

A

the brain

100
Q

spinal cavity contains

A

the spinal cord

101
Q

thoracic cavity contains

A

lungs and heart; the diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity

102
Q

pelvic cavity contains

A

the urinary bladder and reproductive organs

103
Q

abdominal cavity

A

many organs including: stomach, liver, intestines

104
Q

Pleural membranes

A

line the chest wall and cover the lungs

105
Q

pericardial membranes

A

surround the heart

106
Q

peritoneum

A

lines the abdominal cavity

107
Q

mesentery

A

covers the abdominal organs

108
Q

explain anatomical position

A

standing straight with arms down and palms facing forward.

109
Q

meninges

A

membranes that line the cranial and spinal cavities that cover the brain and spinal cord

110
Q

microbiota

A

a population of microorganisms that resides on or in everybody and contributes to the normal function of the human process

111
Q

normal flora

A

bacteria that produces vitamins, inhibits growth of pathogens, and have other beneficial functions

112
Q

microbiome

A

a community of microorganisms, an ecosystem, a specific environment and all of its flora, many such communities in humans, such as the skin, oral cavity, or colon

113
Q

epithelial tissue

A

cover or line body surface; outer layer of skin and sweat glands

114
Q

connective tissue

A

connect and support parts of the body; some transport or store materials. examples- blood, bone cartilage, and adipose tissue

115
Q

muscle tissue

A

are specialized for contraction which brings movement. found in organs such as urinary bladder and stomach

116
Q

nerve tissue

A

specialized to generate and transmit electrochemical impulses that regulate the body function. found in brain and optic nerve

117
Q

inorganic chemicals

A

simple molecules made of one or two elements other than carbon examples, h2O, oxygen, and carbon dioxide (CO2)

118
Q

organic chemicals

A

always contain the elements carbon and hydrogen

examples - carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acides

Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology (2 decks)

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