Chapter 2: Sociological Research Flashcards
What processes are in the scientific method?
2.1
- Question
- Research
- Hypothesis
- Experiment
- Conclusions
2.1
What is literature review? What is its purpose?
2.1
- Review of existing studies
- To identify gaps, and familiarize w/ previous theories & data
2.1
What is the independent variable? (IV)
2.1
The cause. The variable we change to affect the dependent variable
2.1
What is the dependent variable?
2.1
The effect. The variable that is affected by our indendent variable.
What is reliability?
2.1
How likely an experiment is to replicate
2.1
What is validity?
2.1
How well the study measures what it’s trying to measure.
2.1
What is an operational definition?
2.1
Precise definition of concepts and variable
EX: “good” –> B+
What is interpretive framework/perspective?
2.1
Symbolic interactionists meet the scientific method.
2.1
What is critical sociology?
2.1
Frankfurt school: Everything can’t be completely objective b/c relationships. Views throries as rationalizing systems of power, or liberating human restriction.
2.1
What is primary source data collection?
2.2
Doing surveys, participant observation, observation, case studies, and experiments. First hand data collection.
2.2
What is secondary data analysis?
2.2
Use of existing data
2.2
What is nonreactive research?
2.2
Research that doesn’t alter people’s behaviors. Non-intrusive
2.2
What is content analysis?
2.2
Systematic approach to find valuable information related to study. Research, basically.
2.2
What does field research collect?
2.2
Collects behaviors in settings, the why, the how. Finds SIMPLY correlation
2.2
What is participant observation?
2.2
Undercover observation by being in plain sight
2.2
Ethnography
Commit to a way of life for observation. Understanding relation of self into group. Focuses on views of people
2.2
Institutional Ethnography
Ethnography but focuses on everday concrete social relationships
2.2 EX: feminism
Hawthorne effect
2.2
Reactivity but specific to being a part of a study
2.2
Value neutrality
2.3
Remaining impartial during study and conclusions
2.3
Identify the Code of ethics (ASA, 1997)
2.3
- Remain impartial
- Respect subject’s privacy & dignity
- Protect subject from personal harm
- Preserve confidentiality
- Seek informed consent
- Acknowledge collaboration
- Disclose financial support sources
2.3
What is the Tuskegee Experiment?
2.3
(1932) Alabama: objective: to see “how untrated syphillis would affect the African American male” … participants were told they had “bad blood” and were not given penicillin.
What is the Milgram Experiment
2.3
(1961): psychologist Stanley Milgram @ Yale: Objective: willingness to obey authority. Participants = “teachers” who THOUGHT they were administering shocks to “students” answering questions wrong (not real)
2.3
Standford Prison Experiment
2.3
(1971): psychologist Phillip Zimbardo: Students in role of “prisoners” and “guards” … prisoners treated terribly… intended 2 weeks: lasted 6 days
2.3
Who was Laud Humphreys?
2.3
(1960s): experiment in restroom where same-sex sexual encounters occurred… Objective: understand motivations & background identity of same-sex relationships… Misrepresented his identity and intent in observation.
2.3
Who was Hanrietta Lacks?
2.3
(1951): “immortal” cells (reproduce rapidly, indefinitely)… doctors collected & shared cells w/out consent… “HeLa” cells
Used for experiments and treatments (polio vaccine)
2.3
