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Sociology 101 > Chapter 1: Intro to Sociology > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Intro to Sociology Flashcards

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1
Q

Micro-level

1.1

A

Study of small groups/individuals

1.1

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2
Q

Macro-level

1.1

A

Study of big groups

1.1

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3
Q

Sociological Imagination

1.1

A

Awareness of how society affects people

1.1

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4
Q

Reification

1.1

A

Fallacy of treating abstract as real

1.1

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5
Q

Social facts

1.1

A

Rules that govern social life

1.1

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6
Q

Figuration

1.1

A

Norbert Elias: Analyzing individual and societal behavior together.

Society needs to be “figured” into the analysis

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7
Q

Role of catholic church in early sociology?

1.2

A

Hoarded power and bent social life to their will. After bubonic plague… ruined Catholic church reputation and science became prevelant.

1.2

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8
Q

Ma Tuan-Lin (1200s)

1.2

A

Chinese historian: recorded social dyanmics in the “General Study of Literary Remains”

1.2

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9
Q

Ibn Khaldun (1300s)

1.2

A

Tunisian historian: foundations for modern sociology & economics… proposed social conflict existed… challenged authority

1.2

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10
Q

Mary Wollstonecraft (1700s)

1.2

A

First feminist

1.2

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11
Q

August Comte (1800s)

1.2

A

Coined “sociology” (2nd but most popular). Believed social issues could be studied through sociology. Father of positivism

1.2

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12
Q

Positivism

1.2

A

Study of social patterns. Belief society can be predicted & addressed

1.2

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13
Q

Harriet Martineau (1700s)

1.2

A

Compared social institutions and taught economics
Found flaws with U.S. capitalism

1.2

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14
Q

Karl Marx

1.2

A

German philosopher & economist
Co-authored Communist Manifesto
Anti-positivism
Believed conflict between classes created change

1.2

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15
Q

Herbert Spencer (1800s)

1.2

A

English
Founder of functionalism
Loved social institutions
Anti-positivism
Anti-communism
Big capitalism guy
Made a book w/ “Sociology” in title

1.2

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16
Q

Georg Simmel (Late 1800s)

1.2

A

German art critic
Analyzed micro-level theories
Pro-conflict theory
Anti-positivism

1.2

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17
Q

Émile Durkheim (Late 1800s)

1.2

A

Helped create first Sociology department in Europe
Believed in “healthy” or “pathological” societies (stable vs. breakdown)
Pro-positivism
Made a book about suicide. Attributed differences based on socio-religious factors

1.2

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18
Q

Max Weber (Late 1800s)

1.2

A

Sociologist
Anti-positivism
Pro-Conflict theory
Coined “Verstehen” (understanding through other’s lens)

1.2

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19
Q

Verstehen

1.2

A

Understanding through someone’s lens. Seeks to understand society, not to predict

1.2

20
Q

Quantitative Sociology

1.2

A

Science to uncover patterns
Positivism roots

1.2

21
Q

Qualitative Sociology

1.2

A

Seek to understand human behavior
Anti-positivism roots

1.2

22
Q

W.E.B. Du Bois (1900s)

1.2

A

Harvard historian
Used empirical methods for sociology and to challenge racism
Helped found NAACP

1.2

23
Q

Thorstein Veblen (Late 1800s)

1.2

A

Co foundner of institutional economics
Connected society to economics

1.2

24
Q

Jane Addams (Late 1800s)

1.2

A

Father of symbolic interactionism
“The looking-glass self”
Feared individualism & competitiveness (for sociology future)

1.2

25
Q

The looking-glass self

1.2

A

We see ourselves through people’s reactions

1.2

26
Q

George Herbert Mead (Late 1800s)

1.2

A

Father of symbolic interactionism
Expanded on looking-glass self… Significant other vs. generalized other

1.2

27
Q

Robert E. Park (Late 1800s)

1.2

A

Founder of social ecology (how individuals live within environment)

1.2

28
Q

Social ecology

1.2

A

How individuals live within environment

1.2

29
Q

Social Solidarity

1.3

A

Social connections in a group

1.3

30
Q

Grand theories

1.3

A

Theories that explain why societies change and start

1.3

31
Q

Functionalism

1.3

A

The way each part of society comes to work as a whole

EX: Organs in a body

32
Q

Function

1.3

A

Repeating activity that contributes to social stability (functionalism)

1.3

33
Q

Dynamic Equilibrium

1.3

A

Perfectly stable society state (functionalism)

1.3

34
Q

Manifest Functions

1.3

A

Delibrate consequences of an action (functionalism)

EX: Watch TV for entertainment –> gets entertained

35
Q

Latent Function

1.3

A

Unsought consequences of an action (functionalism)

Watch TV for entertainment –> gets relaxed

36
Q

Dysfunctions

1.3

A

Bad consequences for an action (functionalism)

Watch TV for entertainment –> gets back pain

37
Q

What are the criticisms of functionalism?

1.3

A
  1. Dysfunctions exist despite not being good for society
  2. Can’t explain social change
  3. Repeated behavior can be seen as a function despite having unknown purposes

1.3

38
Q

Conflict theory

1.3

A

Competition for limited resources
Macro-level

EX: grrr my toys. U can’t have the toys because I make the rules now.

39
Q

Critical theory

1.3

A

Addresses social issues causing inequality
Expands on conflict theory

1.3

40
Q

Feminism theory

1.3

A

Explains inequalities between gender (conflict theory)

1.3

41
Q

Critical race theory

1.3

A

Explains structural inequality based on white privilege

1.3

42
Q

What is the main criticism of conflict theory?

1.3

A
  1. Disregards stability

1.3

43
Q

Symbolic interactionism

1.3

A
  1. Says communication is the way people understand society.
  2. Studies patterns of interactions between inviduals
  3. Micro-level

1.3

44
Q

Erving Goffman (1900s)

1.3

A

Symbolic interactionist
Created dramaturgical analysis (people play different roles all of the time)

1.3

45
Q

Dramaturgical analysis

1.3

A

People play different roles all of the time

EX: Roles change from student –> daughter –> dog-walker everyday

46
Q

Constructivism

1.3

A

Reality is what we construct it to be (symbolic interactionism)

1.3

47
Q

What is the main criticism of symbolic interactionism?

1.3

A

It’s hard to stay unbias when you’re doing case studies all of the time.

1.3

Sociology 101 (2 decks)

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