Chapter 2 Social Psych Research

Question 0

Theory

Answer 0

An organized set of principles used to explain observed phenomena.

Question 1

Internal validity

Answer 1

The degree to which there ca be reasonable certainty that the independent variable in an experiment caused the effects obtained on the dependent variable.

Question 2

Debriefing

Answer 2

A disclosure made to participants after research procedures are completed In Which the researcher explains the purpose of the research attempts to resolve any negative feelings and emphasizes the scientific contribution made by participants participation.

Question 3

Experimental realism

Answer 3

The degree to which experimental procedures are involving to participants and lead them to behave naturally and spontaneously.

Question 4

Correlational research

Answer 4

Research designed to measure the association between variables that are not manipulated by the researcher.

Question 5

Dependent variables

Answer 5

In an experiment the factors the experimenters measure to see if they are affected by the independent variable.

Question 6

Mundane realism

Answer 6

The degree to which the experimental situation resembles places and events that exist in the real world.

Question 7

Interrater reliability

Answer 7

The degree to which different observers agree on their observations.

Question 8

Meta-analysis

Answer 8

A set of statistical procedures used to review a body of evidence by combining the results of individual studies to measure the overall reliability and strength of particular effects.

Question 9

Hypothesis

Answer 9

A testable prediction about the conditions under which an event will occur.

Question 10

Experiment

Answer 10

A form of research that can demonstrate causal relationships because 1. The experimenter has control over the events that occur and 2. The participants are randomly assigned to conditions.

Question 11

Random sampling

Answer 11

A method of selecting participants for a study so that every one in a populAtion has an equal chance of being in the study.

Question 12

Basic research

Answer 12

Research whose goal is to increase the understanding if human behavior often by testing hypothesis based on a theory.

Question 13

Experimenter expectancy effects

Answer 13

The effects produced when an experimenters expectations about the results of an experiment effect his or her behavior towards a participant and thereby influence the participants responses.

Question 14

Random assignment

Answer 14

A method of assigning participants to the various conditions of an experiment so that each participant in the experiment has an equal chance of being in any of the conditions.

Question 15

Subject variables

Answer 15

Variables that characterize pre-existing differences among the participants in a study.

Question 16

Deception

Answer 16

Research method that provides false information to participants.

Question 17

External validity

Answer 17

The degree to which one can be reasonably confident that the same result would be obtained for other people and in other situations.

Question 18

Correlation coefficient

Answer 18

A statistical measure of the strength and direction of the association between two variables. The correlation coefficient can range from -1.0 – +1.0

Question 19

Informed consent

Answer 19

An individual’s deliberate voluntary decision to participate in research based on the researchers description of what will be required during such participation.

Question 20

Independent variables

Answer 20

In an experiment the factors experimenters manipulate to see if they affect the dependent variables.

Question 21

Construct validity

Answer 21

The extent to which the measures used in a study measure the variables they were designed to measure and the manipulation in an experiment manipulate the variable they were designed to manipulate.

Question 22

Applied research

Answer 22

Research whose goal is to enlarge the understanding of naturally occurring events and to find solutions to practical problems.

Question 23

Confederates

Answer 23

Accomplices of an experimenter who, in dealing with the real participants in an experiment, act as if they also are participants.

Question 24

Operational definition

Answer 24

The specific procedures for manipulating or measuring a conceptual variable.

Question 25

Main effect

Answer 25

A statistical term indicating the overall effect that an independent variable has on the dependent variable ignoring all other independent variables.

Question 26

Interaction

Answer 26

A statistical term indicating that the effect that an independent variable has on the dependent variable is different as a function of another independent variable.