Chapter 2- skills Flashcards
Determine the patient’s level of responsiveness (LOR) by…
gently tapping the patient on the shoulder and asking, “Are you okay?”
To open and assess an unresponsive patient’s airway, perform a….
head-tilt/ chin-lift (HT/CL)
To perform a head-tilt/ chin-lift you must…. (3)
- Place two fingers under the patient’s mandible (jaw).
- Place the palm of your other hand on the patient’s forehead.
- Tilt the patient’s head back while lifting the chin.
HT/CL will do what?
reposition the tongue so that it does not block the airway.
When assessing an infant avoid…
avoid hyperextending the neck.
If the patient has a suspected head and/or spinal injury, perform a…
a jaw thrust
perform a jaw thrust (3)
- Kneel or stand behind the patient’s head.
- Place both palms on the patient’s cheekbones.
- Place two fingers of each hand under the patient’s mandible and pull forward.
what If the jaw thrust is unsuccessful?
do a head-tilt/chin-lift, keeping the neck in line with the body.
Simultaneously check the patient’s breathing and circulation (carotid pulse) for no longer than…
10 seconds.
If no pulse is detected after a maximum of 10 seconds….
initiate CPR/ AED.
Agonal respiration’s are
an inadequate and irregular pattern of breathing sometimes associated with cardiac arrest
If a patient indicates agonal respirations
they are not breathing normally.
The ABCs in a primary assessment refers to…
simultaneously assessing the patient’s airway, breathing, and circulation.
Checking the pulse on a responsive adult or child
Place two or three fingers over the radial artery.
Checking the pulse on a unresponsive adult or child
Place two or three fingers over one of the carotid arteries.
Checking the pulse on a infant
Place one or two fingers over the brachial artery.
Any patient who is unresponsive and does not have a pulse requires?
CPR
Hand positioning for chest compressions on an adult during CPR
two hands on sternum
compression depth on an adult during CPR
At least 5cm (about 2inch)
One responders cycle of chest compressions and ventilations on an adult during CPR
30 compressions
2 ventilations
Compression rate on an adult during CPR
100–120 per minute (30 compressions in 15–18 seconds)
Hand positioning for chest compressions on an child during CPR
One to two hands on the sternum
compression depth on an child during CPR
1/3 of the chest depth
One responders cycle of chest compressions and ventilations on an child during CPR
30 compressions, 2 ventilations
two responders cycle of chest compressions and ventilations on an adult during CPR
30 compressions, 2 ventilations
two responders cycle of chest compressions and ventilations on an child during CPR
15 compressions
2 ventilations
Compression rate on an child during CPR
100–120 per minute (30 compressions in 15–18 seconds)
Hand positioning for chest compressions on an Infant during CPR
Two fingers on sternum (just below nipple line) oR Encircling method
compression depth on an infant during CPR
1/3 of the chest depth
One responders cycle of chest compressions and ventilations on an infant during CPR
30 compressions, 2 ventilations
two responders cycle of chest compressions and ventilations on an infant during CPR
15 compressions, 2 ventilations
Compression rate on an infant during CPR
100–120 per minute (30 compressions in 15–18 seconds)
Hand positioning on a neonate
Two fingers on sternum (just below nipple line) oR Encircling method
compression depth on an neonate during CPR
1/3 of the chest depth
One responders cycle of chest compressions and ventilations on an neonate during CPR
3 compressions, 1 ventilation
two responders cycle of chest compressions and ventilations on an neonate during CPR
3 compressions, 1 ventilations
Compression rate on an infant during CPR
100–120 per minute (30 compressions in 15–18 seconds)
When should two-responder switch rolls during CPR?
After approximately 2 minutes
(about 5 cycles) of continuous
CPR,
why should responders switch roles
to avoid fatigue and maintain high-quality compressions.
Chest compression fraction is the measurement of
the amount of
time that compressions are being performed.
The aim of A chest compression fraction time of ——- with a minimum time of ——-
around 80% is the aim, with a minimum of around 60%
A resuscitation mask (or pocket mask) is used for
direct ventilations
It also acts as a
personal protective equipment (PPE), providing a barrier between you and the patient during resuscitation
How should A resuscitation mask be positioned
over the mouth and nose, with the lower rim placed between the patient’s lower lip and chin.
What is a BVM
Bag valve mask
A bag-valve-mask (BVM) is used for
a patient in respiratory arrest or a patient whose respiratory rate is too low or too high.
A BVM is best used by
Two responders
To properly use a BVM, you must
attach it to an oxygen reservoir bag.
If you are using a BVM without
a partner you must (3)
1) maintain the mask seal with one hand
2) monitor the airway, and
3) simultaneously provide ventilations with your other hand.
To use a resuscitation mask:
a and, or b
a, position yourself behind the patient’s head and hold the two sides tightly against the face;
or
b, position yourself beside the patient and hold the mask in place.
When using a BVM with a partner, Responder ‘A’ is positioned…
Responder A is positioned by the patient’s head, facing the chest, with one thumb on each side of the mask to maintain a tight seal on the patient’s face.
When using a BVM with a partner, Responder ‘B’ is positioned ———- and performing what roll.
a second responder is positioned on the side and provides ventilations by squeezing the bag smoothly, never forcefully
If using a BVM without a partner
make a “C” with your thumb and index finger to maintain the mask seal. Place the other three fingers of the same hand under the mandible to maintain the angle of the head, protecting the airway.
Some BVMs are designed specifically for children and infants. What is the specific design
A valve that prevents over inflation
AED stands for
automated external defibrillator
Use a defibrillator in combination with
CPR
To use a AED (6)
- Expose and prepare the patient’s chest.
- Attach the pads to the patient’s chest as directed
- Pause CPR to allow the defibrillator to analyze the patient’s heart rhythm. Step back
- Continue chest compressions while the defibrillator charges in preparation to deliver a shock.
- Resume CPR, follow the defibrillator’s prompts, and reanalyze after 5 CPR cycles.
- If the defibrillator advises a shock and then later advises no shock, the patient’s condition has changed. Quickly reassess the patient’s circulation before proceeding.
