Chapter 2/ Skeletal System

Question 1

Skeletal system

Answer 1

Body’s framework, composed of bones and joints. Provides shape and focus for bodies. Produces blood for the body and stores minerals. Growth, maturation, and functionality of skeletal system are greatly affected by posture, physical activity, and nutrition.

Question 2

Bones

Answer 2

Provide a nesting ground for muscles and protection of vital organs.

Question 3

Joints

Answer 3

Junction of bones, muscles, and connective tissues at which movement occurs. Also known as articulation.

Question 4

The skeletal system is divided into two divisions.

Answer 4

Axial skeleton & Appendicular skeleton

Question 5

Axial skeleton

Answer 5

Portion of skeletal system that consists of skull, rib cage, and vertebral column. Think torso and head. 80 bones.

Question 6

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 6

Portion of skeletal system that includes the upper and lower extremities. Arms, legs. Think appendage, appendicular, arms, legs. 126 bones.

Question 7

• 206 bones in the skeletal system, 177 used in voluntary movement, more than 300 joints in the body.

Answer 7

.

Question 8

Bones serve two vital functions

Answer 8

Leverage and support

Question 9

Remodeling

Answer 9

Process of resorption and formation of bone. Old bone is broken down and removed by osteoclasts, new bone is laid down by cells called osteoblasts. • remodeling follows lines of stress placed in the bone. Incorrect exercise and posture will lead to remodeling process that reinforces predominating bad posture.

Question 10

Osteoclasts and osteoblasts

Answer 10

Osteoclasts remove bone tissue and osteoblasts help form new bone tissue.

Question 11

5 major types of bones

Answer 11

Long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and seamoid bones.

Question 12

Long bones

Answer 12

Long, cylindrical shaft and irregular or widened ends. Ex: humerus, femur

Question 13

Short bones

Answer 13

Similar in length and width and appear somewhat cubical in shape. Ex: carpals of hand, tarsals of feet

Question 14

Flat bones

Answer 14

Thin, protective. Ex: scapulae, patella

Question 15

Irregular bones

Answer 15

Unique in shape and function. Ex: vertebrae

Question 16

Sesamoid bones

Answer 16

Small often round bones embedded in a joint capsule or found in locations where a tendon passes over a joint. Ex: patella

Question 17

Arthrokinematics

Answer 17

Joint motion. The three major motion types being roll, slide, and spin.

Question 18

Synovial & non synovial joints

Answer 18

Synovial joints have a a joint cavity and ligaments while non synovial do not have a joint cavity or ligaments. Synovial joints produce synovial fluid that resembles egg whites and works much like engine oil.

Question 19

Ligaments

Answer 19

Primary connective tissue that connects bones together and provides stability, input to the nervous system, guidance, and the limitation of improper joint movement. Tiberius connective tissues, bone to bone, provide static and dynamic stability as well as input to nervous system (proprioception). Made up of collagen. Ligaments have poor vascularity, blood flow, this do not heal or repair well.