Chapter 2- Simon de Montfort Flashcards
Why was The Pope a problem to King Henry?
-Henry III was a pious King, so he had a close relationship with Pope Innocent IV in Rome. The Pope tried to use Henry so fight wars in Sicily.
-Henry was meant to pay the Pope money to fight these wars, but when he did not, the Pope threatened to excommunicate the King.
-The Pope also wanted Henry’s brother Richard, the become the Holy Roman Emperor, which was an important job; Henry would feel pressured to help pay for the Pope’s wars.
Why was The French a problem to King Henry?
-Henry’s father, King John, had lost a lot of French lands so Henry had to raise money to fund the war campaigns.
-Unsuccessful at first, but then he sent his brother-in-law, the powerful and aristocratic Simon de Montfort, who won land back in Gascony.
-Reports reached Henry that Simon de Montfort had been too harsh with the French people so he sent his son, Edward, to keep control.
Why were The Barons a problem to King Henry?
-By 1254, Henry’s relationship with the barons had deteriorated - they were angry about his various schemes.
-They were angry that Henry’s French family were given jobs in the English court and Italian clergy were given top jobs in the Church.
-Henry’s tax increases to pay the Pope made the barons angry as they were the ones to pay.
Why was the Provisions of Oxford created?
-1258
-Simon de Montfort lead the barons to call a Great Council because they did not want to support the King.
-King Henry had to agree to the Provisions of Oxford.
-However, this caused a divide with the Barons. This is due to the distribution of more power to less powerful and wealthy in society.
-Some of the younger barons were not elected to the council and therefore lost their influence.
What were some of the terms of the Provisions of Oxford?
-A council of 15 barons would be in charge of the Great Council, elected by 24 men (12 by King and 12 by barons).
-Foreign members of the royal household would be banished.
-Castles would be held by Englishmen.
-Each county would have a sheriff and taxes would be decided locally.
What happened in the Second Barons’ War?
-Henry gained the support from the barons who did not like De Montfort and the Provisions of Oxford.
-Henry wrote to the Pope, asking for his permission to cancel the provisions.
-1261, Pope agreed, Henry appointed his own men to the Great Council.
-1264, Battle of Lewes, de Montfort captured the King and imprisoned his son, Prince Edward. De Montfort was now in charge and England was to become a republic.
What happened in Parliament in 1265?
-Simon de Montfort created a council of nine of his closest fiends and allies.
-He reconfirmed Magna Carta and the Provisions of Oxford.
-The Barons then started to worry that he had become too powerful.
-1265, he called a meeting of the Great Council inviting rich merchants and knights. This group became known as the Commons, in this early form of Parliament. This developed democracy in England and helped pave ways for all groups to have a voice.
What happened in the Battle of Evesham?
-The barons started to get concerned that de Montfort was becoming an autocrat.
-Prince Edward had been released for prison and had raised an army.
-4th August 1265, de Montfort fell from his horse during the battle.
-His body was cut into pieces and sent around the country as a warning.
