16 marker factors Flashcards
role of individuals (simon)
- simon de montfort lead the barons to call a great council because they did not want to support the king
- created the provisions of oxford which stated that:
- a council of 15 barons would be in charge of the great council, elected by 24 men (12 by king, 12 by barons)
- each county would have a sheriff and taxes would be decided locally
- created a council of his 9 closest friends and allies
- 1265, he called a meeting of the great council inviting rich merchants and knights, this group became known as the commons, this developed democracy
Religion (Pilgrimage of Grace)
-Dissolution of the monasteries.
-Church earned 200,000 pounds, Henry wanted this wealth.
-Valor Ecclesiasticus set up by Cromwell for the evaluation of the monasteries.
-Devout Christians demanded for the restoration of the monasteries and to recognise the Pope as the head of the Church.
-Aske spent Christmas holidays with Henry to speak of the demands seriously.
-1537, Castles in Hull, Beverley and Scarborough attacked by the rebels, Henry used this to cancel the pardons.
-Dissolution of the monasteries failed to stop, many dissolved in 1539.
Religion (English Revolution)
-Puritans wrote critically and were punished by the Star Chamber.
-A new prayer book in 1637 upset the Scots so much they gathered an army.
-Roundheads were created as a result to fight against the Cavaliers, those who did not support Charles’ religious and political.
Religion (Peasants’ Revolt)
-Priests preached Church was exploiting peasants by making people say pardons for their sins. John Ball priest said, “everyone was created equally by God,” arrested for this.
Politics (Peasants Revolt)
-Local Lords and the King were worried that the peasants were becoming too powerful.
-1351, Statute of Labourers restricted movement of peasants, peasants wanted reform to reduce influence of landowners.
Politics (English Revolution)
-Charles ruled without Parliament from 1629-1640.
-Cromwell’s New Model army, very determined, not influenced by immoral values.
Politics (Suffragettes)
-Women not given vote in 1900s, despite contributing with the war.
-NUWSS, peaceful, WSPU, violent tactics.
Economy (Magna Carta)
-1215, had to pay scutage with was a high tax on barons who did not fight for John when he asked.
-King John went back on his word, he had been forced to sign the Magna Carta, scutage not abolished, led to the 1st Barons War.
Economy (English Revolution)
-Ship Money Tax, 1637, this angered many people leading to the revolution of the Roundheads.
Economy (The Peasants’ Revolt)
-1348, plague: fields and crops rotted.
-King Richard II raised taxes to fund campaigns against French in 100 Years War, poll tax.
-1380, everyone over the age of 15 had to pay 4 groats, increase from the one groat only paid.
-Poll Tax not repeated until 1989 in Scotland.
-Dockers, led by Ben Tiller in London 1889. They wanted to pay an increase from 5p to 6p an hour, Went on strike, carrying fish heads around London.
