Chapter 2 Self And Personality Flashcards
What serves as the basis of our self
Our interaction with other people, our experiences, and the meaning we give to them, serve as the basis of our self
In light of what the structure of self is modifiable
The structure of self is modifiable in the light of our own experiences and the experiences we have of other people
Define personal identity
Personal identity refers to those attributes of a person that make her/him different from others
Define social identity
Social identity refers to those aspects of a person that link her/him to a social or cultural group or are derived from it.
Define self
Self refers to the totality of an individual’s conscious experiences, ideas, thoughts and feelings with regard to herself or himself
What is the dual status of self
- Self can be understood as a subject as well as an object
- As a subject (actor) the self actively engages in the process of knowing itself.
- As an object (consequence) the self gets observed and comes to be known
Social self is also known as
familial or relational self
As this self values family and social relationships
Personal self
The personal self leads to an orientation in which one feels primarily concerned with oneself
Biological self
Biological needs lead to the development of a biological self
Biological self in the context of social cultural environment modifies itself
Example: while you may feel hungry for a chocolate, an Eskimo may not
Social self
It emerges in relation with others and emphasises such aspects of life as ,cooperation ,unity ,affiliation sacrifice ,support or sharing
This self values family and social relationships
Define self concept
The way we perceive ourselves and the ideas we hold about our competencies and attributes is called self concept
What is the most frequently used method to find out an individual’s self concept
Asking the person about herself/himself
Define self-esteem
As persons we always make some judgement about our own value or worth. This value judgement of a person about herself/himself is called self-esteem
By the age of 6 to 7 years children form self-esteem in which areas
1) Academic competence
2) Social competence
3) Physical/athletic competence
4) Physical appearance
What is an overall sense of self-esteem
A capacity to view ourselves in terms of stable dispositions permits us to combine separate self evaluations into a general psychological image of ourselves. This is known as an overall sense of self-esteem
Self-esteem shows a strong relationship with ____________
Self esteem shows a strong relationship with our everyday behaviour
What helps in the development of high self-esteem among children
Warm and positive parenting helps in the development of high self-esteem among children as it allows them to know that they are accepted as competent and worthwhile
On what is the notion of self efficacy based on?
Bandura’s social learning theory
What is self efficacy
Self efficacy is Bandura’s term for the individuals beliefs about her or his own effectiveness; the expectation that one can master a situation and produce positive results
What is self-regulation
Self-regulation refers to our ability to organise and monitor our own behaviour
What is self control
Learning to delay or defer the gratification of needs is called self control
What are the techniques of self control
1) Observation of own behaviour
2) Self instruction
3) Self reinforcement
