Chapter 2 Section 1 [The Colonial Period (1500-1763)]

Question 1

Line of Demarcation

Answer 1

The line drawn by the pope at Spain’s urging in 1493, established 100 leagues west and south of the Cape Verde Islands that divided all land into two equal parts-lands east of the line for Portugal and lands west of it for Spain.

Question 2

Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 2

The 1494 treaty between Spain and Portugal by which the Line of Demarcation was moved farther west, resulting in Brazil eventually becoming a Portuguese colony, while Spain maintained claims to the rest of the Americas.

Question 3

Conquistadores

Answer 3

Independent Spanish adventurers who led the powerful Spanish army to conquer the Americas for Spain.

Question 4

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

Answer 4

A Spanish conquistador who, in 1513, crossed the Isthmus of Panama and became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean.

Question 5

Juan Ponce de Leon

Answer 5

A Spanish conquistador who, in 1513, explored Florida in search of gold and a fabled fountain of youth, neither of which he found, but he did claim Florida for Spain.

Question 6

Hernando Cortez

Answer 6

A Spanish conquistador who, in 1519, led a dramatic expedition against the Aztecs of Mexico that destroyed the Aztec empire and won enormous riches for Spain.

Question 7

Panfilio de Narvaez

Answer 7

A Spanish conquistador who, in 1528, led a disastrous expedition through the gulf coast region from which only four of the original 400 men returned.

Question 8

Hernando de Soto

Answer 8

A Spanish conquistador who led a 600-man expedition through what is now the southeastern United States from 1539-1541.

Question 9

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

Answer 9

A Spanish conquistador who led an expedition from Mexico north across the Rio Grande and through New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas from 1540-1542.

Question 10

Encomiendas

Answer 10

Large manors or estates, developed by the Spanish as a system to deal with labor shortages in the Americas and as a reward to successful conquistadores, on which conquistadores ruthlessly managed Indian slaves.

Question 11

Haciendas

Answer 11

Large manors or estates,developed by the Spanish as a similar but milder system than the encomienda system, to which Spaniards imported African slaves to supply their labor needs as the Indian population died from overwork and European diseases.