Chapter 2: Screening & Early Detection

Question 1

Primary Prevention

Answer 1

Most effective tx for cancer

Question 2

Secondary Prevention

Answer 2

Early detection

Measures taken to identify potential for development or existence of a disease in asx ppl

Question 3

Tertiary Prevention

Answer 3

Effective therapy

Question 4

Diagnosis

Answer 4

Clinical problem solving process applied to asymptomatic individuals who either screen positive or present symptoms

Question 5

Incidence

Answer 5

of new cases identified in a specified population in a defined period (generally 1 yr)

Question 6

Prevalence

Answer 6

% of all individuals with disease at a given point in time in a specified population

• often expressed as proportion of disease cases per 100,000 persons

Question 7

Validity

Answer 7

accuracy of a screening test

Question 8

Validity is measured by _____ & ______

Answer 8

Sensitivity, Specificity

Question 9

Sensitivity

Answer 9

measure of the tests ability to correctly identify persons with disease (true +)

ex) 100% sensitivity = no false -

Question 10

Specificity

Answer 10

measure of the test’s ability to correctly identify persons who do not have the disease in the group being screened (test will not be + in anyone who does not have the cancer)

ex) 100% specificity = no false +

Question 11

Predictive value

1) + predictive value
2) - predictive value

Answer 11

1) % of persons who screen + who actually have the disease

2) % of persons who screen - who do not have disease