Chapter 2 - Science, Chemistry and Cells Flashcards
A base_____.
is a chemical that absorbs hydrogen ions from a solution.
Classify each of the following as acidic, basic, or neutral.
H+ concentration of 10^-5
pH of 3
Orange Juice
Pure Water
2:1 ratio of OH- to H+
pH of 7
Soap
H+ concentration of 10^-5 (Acidic)
pH of 3 (Acidic)
Orange Juice (Acidic)
Pure Water (Neutral)
2:1 ratio of OH- to H+ (Basic)
pH of 7 (Neutral)
Soap (Basic)
Nonessential Element
Argon, Aluminum, and Helium
Essential Bulk Element
They are required in large amounts because they comprise most of every living cell. Ex. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Trace Elements
Iron and Zinc are required in small amounts; they total only about 0.5% of the human body.
You are asked to help prepare a lab and need to label some beakers. In one, you are told, there are sugars polymerizing into a large polymer, so you prepare a label that mentions__________.
dehydration synthesis
A friend who is not taking your Biology course fills a cup with ice and then a drink. The friend asks you why the ice in the cup is floating, and you are able to say that
the molecules are farther apart in ice than in liquid water.
A substance with a pH of 7 is _____.
Neutral
Organic molecules are defined as chemical compounds that contain ________.
carbon and hydrogen
Within a single molecule of water, ____ bonds form between oxygen and hydrogen.
covalent
In a covalent bond _________.
atoms share electrons
An acid ________.
is a chemical that adds hydrogen ions to a solution.
The atomic number of an atom or element is the number of ______.
protons in the nucleus.
A substance with a pH of 2 is_______.
a strong acid
A process by which cells break polymers down into smaller units is _________.
hydrolysis
The four major groups of organic compounds are ____________.
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid.
An ion could be ___________.
an atom that has lost electrons, has a positive and negative charge, and can gain electrons.
An ionic bond is a bond in which ______.
oppositely charged ions attract each other
The most abundant bulk elements that make up the vast majority of living organisms are ______________.
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
The primary building block (monomer) of nucleic acid is __________.
a nucleotide
The primary building block (monomer) of proteins is _________.
an amino acid
If you were told to sort cards into boxes after a lab on elements, you would put into a slot labeled “Mass Number” any card with text that included the total number of _____________.
protons and neutrons of an atom
Isotopes of the same element are different from one another in that ______.
they have a different number of neutrons
The four nitrogen bases found in RNA are ________.
adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil
