Chapter 2 - Reviewing the literature Flashcards
- it helps in placing the work being reviewed in its context
- it describes the relationship of each work to the research being undertaken
- it identifies new ways to interpret and shed light to various gaps based from previous studies
- it identifies the areas that are subject to a prior study to prevent duplication of efforts
- it points to another research undertaking
Reviewing the Literature purposes
refer to print, electronic or visual materials necessary for research
Sources
are accounts of events which were created well after the event occurred
usually based on primary sources, criticize primary sources
Secondary Sources
- are original records which were created at the time an historical event occurred
- original material from the filed the researcher is studying
Primary sources
examples of Primary Sources
- personal papers
- letters
- diaries and journals
- photographs and paintings, sketches and original maps
- advertisements, posters, and banners
- memoirs
- genealogy records
- news footage
- news paper articles written at the same time of the event
- speeches which are contemporaneous with the event
- oral histories
- minutes of meeting related to the event
- vital records
- material artifacts
- creative works
acknowledging within the researcher’s text the document from which he has obtained information
Citing
the list of publication the researcher has consulted
Bibliography
the detailed description of the document from which he has obtained the information
Reference
3 elements of Citation
author
publication year
page or paragraph number
examples of Citation Generators
citationmachine. net
writinghouse. org
citethisforme. com
refme. com/citation-generator/apa
a citation generator most frequently used within the social sciences, in order to cite various sources
American Psychological Association ( APA )
example of citing One Author
Serrano (2016) compared reaction times
Serrano (2016) compared reaction times. Serrano also found that…
example of citing Two Authors
…as Serrano and Imperial (2016) demonstrated…
as had been shown (Serrano and Imperial, 2016)
example of citing 3-5 Authors
Serrano, Imperial, Ong, Camilar, and Ortiz (2016) found…
Serrano et al. ( 2016 ) also noticed that…
example of citing Corporate Authors
First Citation : ( World Health Organization [WHO], 2016 )
Second Citation: ( WHO, 2016 )
steps in writing coherent literature review
- Include a clear, short introduction which gives an outline of the review.
- There is always a clear link between the researcher’s own arguments and the evidence uncovered in his reading.
- He must always acknowledge opinions which do not agree with his study.
- The review must be written in a formal academic style.
- Don’t use ‘‘says’’ instead use ‘‘argues’’, ‘‘claims’’, or ‘‘states’’
- Avoid plagiarism sources
Ethical Standards in Writing a Literature
- Even it is a protocol of the study always provide enough time for writing.
2 Make sure to gather hard copies of all the relevant references. - Carefully read all the references and underline vital areas.
- While using the ideas of others place adequate credit.
- Lines of details base on fact are to be referenced.
- Reconfirm and decide about suitability of inserting references.
- Take written permission for figures copied from other sources.
- The researcher must put in writing all the text by himself in his own words.
- While writing never use copy and paste
- Make certain that the researcher has organized all the files, figures and references according to the journal’s instructions prior to submitting a research.
Ways to organize a literature
chronological events
by publication
thematic or conceptual categories
methodological
the researcher could write a review about the materials based on the date when they were published
Chronological Events
the researcher could order sources by publication chronology, if the order demonstrates a more important form
By Publication
structures about a topic or issue, instead of the progression of time
Thematic or Conceptual Categories
centers on the methods utilized by the researcher
Methodological
