Chapter 2: Respiration

Question 1

What is Breathing?

Answer 1

Process of inhaling and exhaling air by the lungs

Question 2

Breathing Mechanism

Answer 2

Nostrils>Nasal Cavity> Pharynx> Larynx> Trachea> Bronchus> Bronchiole> Alveolus

Question 3

What happened during inhalation?

Answer 3

1. INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES CONTRACTS & pulled rib cage UPWARDS & OUTWARDS
2. DIAPHRAGM MUSCLES contracts and moves downwards
3. AIR PRESSURE IN THE THORACIC CAVITY decrease

Question 3

What happened during in halation?

Answer 3

1. INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES CONTRACTS & pulled rib cage UPWARDS & OUTWARDS
   2> DIAPHRAGM MUSCLES contracts and moves downwards

Question 4

What happened during exhalation?

Answer 4

1. Intercostal muscles relax & rib cage moves downwards and inwards
2. diaphragm muscles relax and curve upwards
3. AIR PRESSURE IN THE THORACIC CAVITY INCREASE

Question 5

The air inhaled into the alveolus has ____ compared to the blood

Answer 5

Higher concentration of oxygen

Question 6

The dark coloured compound is known as _______

Answer 6

Haemoglobin

Question 7

Haemoglobin + Oxygen

Answer 7

Oxyhaemoglobin ( unstable compound)

Question 8

What will happen to oxyhaemoglobin if it reach low concentration of oxygen?

Answer 8

It will decompose to oxygen molecules and change back to haemoglobin

Question 9

In the body cell, the diffused oxygen will ______

Answer 9

Oxidies glucouse molecules into carbon dioxide, water and energy

Question 10

Cellular respiration chemical equation

Answer 10

Glucose + Oxygen > Carbon doixide + Water + Energy

Question 11

4 Adaptations of the alveolar structure

Answer 11

1. Thickness of walls (thin) & blood capillaries (many)
2. Moist alveolus
3. Large surface area of alveolus
4. many networks of capillaries covering the alveolus

Question 12

Harmful Substances in cigarette

Answer 12

tar, acetone, nicotine, methanol, stearic acid

Question 13

Explain about Carbon Monoxide

Answer 13

1. Colourless and odourless gas

Question 14

Sulphur dioxide

Answer 14

1. Produced by combustion of coal
2. difficulty in breathing, bronchitis and lung cancer

Question 15

Nitrogen Dioxide

Answer 15

produced by combustion of fuels

Question 16

Symptoms of asthma

Answer 16

Shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing

Question 17

Bronchitis

Answer 17

caused by cigarette smoke (inflammation of the bronchus)
symptoms : shortness of breath, persistent coughing, insomia

Question 18

Emphysema

Answer 18

Condition of the alveoli (caused by cigarette smoke)
shortness of breath, pain when breathing, feeling tired
cannot be cured

Question 19

Lung Cancer

Answer 19

Caused by chemical substances, Carcinogens
symtopms: presistent c

Question 20

Lung Cancer

Answer 20

Caused by chemical substances, Carcinogens
symptoms: presistent coughing

Question 21

How the respiratory system adapts

Answer 21

1. Moist surface of the respiratory system ( moist alveoli)
2. This respiratory structures
   ( blood capillaries one cell thick)
3. Large surface area ( surface area w millions of alveoli)

Question 22

Structures that adapts in different surroundings

Answer 22

1. Moist outer skin
2. Gills
3. Trachea

Question 23

Structures that adapts in different surroundings

Answer 23

1. Moist outer skin
2. Gills
3. Trachea

Question 24

What is Stoma

Answer 24

Made up of stomatal pore bounded by a pair of guard cells
Open during day (photosynthesis) close during night (avoid water loss)

Question 25

What is diffusion

Answer 25

The process of movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

Question 26

What is Osmosis

Answer 26

The process of movement of water molecules from a region high concentration to low concentration by semipermeable membrane