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Science form 3 > Chapter 1: Stimuli & Responses > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Stimuli & Responses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does central nervous system consists?

A

Brain & Spinal Cord

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

> 12 CARNIAL NERVES connecting the brain to the sensory and internal organs
31 SPINAL NERVES connecting the spinal cord to the skeletal muscles

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3
Q

Function of nervous system

A

> detects stimuli
send information in form of impulses
produce appropriate responses

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4
Q

Voluntary action works

A

Stimulus>Affector>BRAIN>Effector>Response

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5
Q

Involuntary action works

A

Affector> Effector>Spinal cord

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6
Q

Involuntary action can be classified as two

A
  1. Involving medulla oblongata (heartbeat)
  2. Involving spinal cord( withdrawing hand when touches smtg hot
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7
Q

functions of eye : ciliary muscle

A

Muscle that changes the thickness of the eye lens through contractions and relaxations

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8
Q

functions of eye : eye lens

A

transparent and elastic convex lens which focuses light onto the retina

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9
Q

functions of eye : sclera

A

strong layer that maintains the shape of the eye and protects it

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10
Q

functions of eye : choroid

A

black layer prevents reflection
supply oxygen and nutrients to the eye

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11
Q

functions of eye : retina

A

contains photoreceptors
(> detects light
> produces nerve impulses)

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12
Q

functions of eye : yellow spot

A

part of retina that is most sensitive to light as it has many photoreceptors

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13
Q

functions of eye : optic nerves

A

nerve fibers which carry nerve impluses from the retina to the brain to be interpreted

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14
Q

functions of eye : blind spot

A

part of retina which is not sensitive to light as there are no photoreceptors and an exit point for all optic nerve fibers

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15
Q

functions of eye : vitreous humour

A

transparent jelly-like substance which maintains the shape of the eyeball and focuses light onto retina

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16
Q

functions of eye : conjunctiva

A

transparent menbrane
> protects front part of sclera

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17
Q

functions of eye : aqueous humour

A

transparent fluid
> maintains the shape of the eyeball and focuses light into the eye

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18
Q

functions of eye : pupil

A

> opening in the centre of the iris
controls the quantity of light entering the eye

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19
Q

functions of eye : iris

A

> the coloured part
controls the size of the pupil

20
Q

functions of eye : cornea

A

> transparent layer
refracts and focuses light onto retina

21
Q

functions of eye : suspensory ligaments

A

strong fibers which hold the eye lens in its position

22
Q

ROD CELLS

A

> sensitive to the colous of light intensities

23
Q

CONE CELLS

A

> sensitive to the colour of light under bright conditions

24
Q

Structure of ear: Earlobe

A

collects and directs SOUND WAVES into the ear canal

25
Q

Structure of ear: Earcanal

A

> directs SOUND WAVES into eardrum

26
Q

Structure of ear: Eardrum

A

> vibrates according to the frequency of the sound waves received
transfers the vibrations to the ossicles

27
Q

Structure of ear: Ossicles

A

> AMPLIFY sound vibrations
transfer them to the oval window

28
Q

Structure of ear: Oval window

A

> Collects and transfers SOUNDS VIBRATIONS from the ossicles to the cochlea

29
Q

Structure of ear: Eustachian tube

A

> balances the air pressure on both sides of the eardrum

30
Q

Structure of ear: Cochlea

A

> detects and converts sounds vibrations into NERVE IMPLUSES

31
Q

Structure of ear: Semicircular canals

A

> detects the position of the head and help to balance the body

32
Q

Structure of ear: Auditory nerve

A

> sends NERVE IMPULSES from the cochlea to the brain to be interpreted

33
Q

Mechanism of hearing

A

Earlobe> ear canal> eardrum> ossicle bones>oval window> cochlea>auditory nerve>brain

34
Q

Mechanism of sight

A

1.light rays enter: cornea> aqueous humour eye >eye lens >vitreous humour> retina
2. in the retina: objects appear smaller and inverted

35
Q

The sensitivity of the skin

A
  1. The number of receptors
  2. The thickness of skin epidermis
36
Q

Short- sightedness (rabun jauh)

A

> cannot see distant objects clearly
it is because image is focus IN FRONT OF THE RETINA
caused by a) eye lens too thick b) eyeball being too long

37
Q

Long Sightedness

A

> cannit see near objects clearly
Because image is focus BEHIND THE RETINA

38
Q

Astigmatism (silau)

A

> seeing part of an object clearer than the rest of the object
due to UNEVEN CURVATURE

39
Q

Ways to correct short sightedness

A

CONCAVE LENS

40
Q

Ways to correct long sightedness

A

CONVEX LENS

41
Q

Ways to correct astigmatism

A

CYLINDRICAL LENS

42
Q

Human hearing range

A

20 Hz to 20 000 Hz

43
Q

Nastic movement

A

the response towards touch but DOES NOT DEPEND ON THE STIMULUS DIRECTION

44
Q

Thigmotropism

A

Response towards touch
> tendrils or twinning stems show positive thigmotropism
> cling to whatever objects to grow and obtain sunlight
> to gain support

45
Q

Stereoscopic vision

A

> front of the head
narrow field of vision
3D
Humans and predators have stereoscopic vision

Science form 3 (2 decks)

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