Chapter 2: Research Methods Flashcards
Variable
characteristic of a person, place, or thing that can change (vary) over time or from one situation to another
Independent Variable
the manipulated variable in the experiment
Dependent Variable
the measured variable in the experiment; DEPENDENT upon changed in the independent variable
Quasi-Independent Variable
a variable inseparable from an individual and cannot be manipulated, but can be used for group comparison
Functional Relationship
the relationship between the changes in an independent variable and the changed in a dependent variable
Stimulus
any event that can potentially influence
Appetitive Stimuli
an event that an organism will seek out
Aversive Stimuli
an event that an organism will avoid
Response
a particular instance of behaviour
Overt Behaviour
behaviour that can be observed by an individual other than the one performing the behaviour
Covert Behaviour
behaviour that can be perceived only by the person performing the behaviour
Motivating Operation
any procedure that affects the appetitiveness or aversiveness of an event
Establishing Operation
procedure that increases the appetitiveness or aversiveness of an event
Abolishing Operation
procedure that decreases the appetitiveness or aversiveness of an event
Contiguity
closeness or nearness
Temporal Contiguity
the extent to which events occur close together in time
Spatial Contiguity
the extent to which events are situated close to each other in space
Contingency
predictive relationship between two events, such that the occurrence of one event predicts the probably occurrence of another
