Chapter 2: Research Methods Flashcards
What is intuitive thinking?
Quick and reflexive thinking, relies on gut hunches.
What is analytical thinking?
Slow and reflective thinking, takes mental effort.
Define heuristic.
Mental shortcut or rule of thumb that helps streamline thinking and make sense of our world.
What is random selection?
A procedure of selecting that ensures everyone in a population has an equal chance of being chosen.
What is reliability?
Consistency of measurement.
What is reproductability?
Ability to review and re-analyze data from a study and find the exact same results.
What is naturalistic observation?
Watching behaviour in real-world settings without trying to manipulate the situation or people’s behaviour.
What is external validity?
The extent to which we can generalize findings to real-world settings.
What is internal validity?
The extent to which we can draw cause-and-effect inferences from a study.
What is a case study?
A research design that examines one person or a small number of people in depth over an extended period of time.
What are existence proofs?
Demonstrations that a psychological phenomenon can occur.
What are response sets?
It is the tendency of research participants to distort their responses to a questionnaire to paint themselves in a positive light.
What is a correlation design?
A research design that examines the extent to which two variables are associated.
What is meant by a positive correlation?
As one variable changes, the other goes in the same direction.
What is meant by a correlation of zero?
The variables aren’t correlated at all.
