chapter 2 quiz Flashcards
subatomic particles
protons neutrons electrons
atom
smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element
atomic number
the amount of protons in the nucleus
polar covalent bonds
when electrons are not shared equally
electron shell
electrons state of potential energy
nonpolar covalent bonds
when electrons are shared equally between atoms
elements that make up less than .01% of body weight
boron, chromium, cobalt, copper
4% of elements essential to life
calcium, potassium, sulfur, phosphorus
molecule
consists of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
electronegativity
an aroma attraction for the electrons in a covalent bond
mass number
number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus
covalent bond
when atoms share a pair of valence electrons
chemical reactions
the making and breaking of chemical bonds
products
the result of a chemical reaction
orbital
3-D space where an electron is found 90% of the time
valence electrons
electrons in the outer most shell
potential energy
the energy that matter has because of its position or structure
hydrogen bond
when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom
ionic bond
an attraction between cation and anion
anion
negatively charged ion
cation
a positively charged ion
ion
a charged atom
reactants
the starting molecules of a chemical reaction
properties
any characteristic that can be used to describe of identify something
matter is
anything that takes up space and has mass
organisms are composed
of matter
four main elements of life
hydrogen oxygen nitrogen carbon
isotopes
two atoms of an element that differ in number of neurons
chemical equilibrium
reached when the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal
energy
the capacity to cause change
element
a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reaction
chemical properties
observed when changes occur in the identity of the matter in a substance
atomic nucleus
neutrons and protons form atomic nucleus
