chapter 2 questions Flashcards
What 4 places were home to the earliest civilizations? What do they all have in common?
Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, and Shang China.
They are all started in fertile river valleys
What are some common causes of the decline of empires throughout history?
Leadership grows corrupt
Empire is to big
Empire is to expensive
Borders are hard to defend
What major world change took place in the 1400s and 1500s that had a huge impact on all parts of the world?
Renaissance
What are the TWO main factors that determined how early societies developed in places like North America?
Climate and resources
What are the elements of an advanced civilization? In other words, what things do civilizations have that smaller societies do not.
Developed cities
government
religion
specialization of labor
Social class
Record keeping and writing
Art and architecture
Used the Monsoon winds to trade
east
Grew rich from the salt for gold trade
west
Mostly Islamic and arabic speaking
north
Very wealthy leader Mansa Musa :
west
Used theTrans-Saharan trade routes
north
Traded gold, ivory, skins, and enslaved people to the Middle East and India :
east
Why is Jerusalem so important to all three “Abrahamic” religions?
Judaism : The last remaining wall of the 2nd Great Temple. Western Wall or Wailing Wall
Islam : Dome of the Rock - Mohammed ascended to and returned from heaven there
Christianity : Church of the Holy sepulcher (jesus was crucified
What was the world’s most important trade route for hundreds of years until the 1400s?
silk road
What 2 institutions dominated most people’s lives in Europe in the Middle Ages?
The catholic church and the feudal system
How did the Black Death (Plague) help bring about an end to the Middle Ages? (several reasons)
- Doubt in the church led people to look for answers in their places
- Fewer workers meant more wages and rights for remaining workers pretty much destroyed the Feudal System
- There was a food surplus ( less people and improved technology) :
- Prices went down so people could spend money on other luxury items- Fewer farmers were needed so new careers were launched
How did the Crusades help bring about an end to the Middle Ages?
Even though they failed, it brought europeans into contact with more advanced muslim cultures
A series of military campaigns in which european knights tried to flee the Holy lands around jerusalem from muslim control
Inspired an interest in travel and trade to get muslim goods
Why did the Renaissance start in Italy?
The Italian cities were most involved in trade and commerce. That meant they were the most exposed to new goods, new ideas and new cultures.
What were 3 problems in the Church Martin Luther was upset about?
Luther flatly denied that indulgences had any power to remit sin. He also criticized the power of the pope and the wealth of the church.
How did the Church react to Luther’s 95 Theses?
The church was very mad at luther and excommunicated him from the church
What invention helped Luther’s message spread so quickly throughout Europe
printing press
What were the 3 main parts of the Catholic “Counter-Reformation” that tried to stop the growing influence of Protestants?
Council of Trent, Roman Inquisition, Edict of Worms
What did the Council of Trent do to address Luther’s criticisms?
The Council of Trent rejected the Protestants’ emphasis on self-discipline and individual faith.
What long term effects on Europe did the Protestant Reformation have? A map of Europe after the Reformation would be super helpful here
religious diversity
