chapter 2 questions

Question 1

What 4 places were home to the earliest civilizations? What do they all have in common?

Answer 1

Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, and Shang China.
They are all started in fertile river valleys

Question 2

What are some common causes of the decline of empires throughout history?

Answer 2

Leadership grows corrupt
Empire is to big
Empire is to expensive
Borders are hard to defend

Question 2

What major world change took place in the 1400s and 1500s that had a huge impact on all parts of the world?

Answer 2

Renaissance

Question 3

What are the TWO main factors that determined how early societies developed in places like North America?

Answer 3

Climate and resources

Question 4

What are the elements of an advanced civilization? In other words, what things do civilizations have that smaller societies do not.

Answer 4

Developed cities
government
religion
specialization of labor
Social class
Record keeping and writing
Art and architecture

Question 5

Used the Monsoon winds to trade

Answer 5

east

Question 6

Grew rich from the salt for gold trade

Answer 6

west

Question 7

Mostly Islamic and arabic speaking

Answer 7

north

Question 8

Very wealthy leader Mansa Musa :

Answer 8

west

Question 9

Used theTrans-Saharan trade routes

Answer 9

north

Question 10

Traded gold, ivory, skins, and enslaved people to the Middle East and India :

Answer 10

east

Question 11

Why is Jerusalem so important to all three “Abrahamic” religions?

Answer 11

Judaism : The last remaining wall of the 2nd Great Temple. Western Wall or Wailing Wall
Islam : Dome of the Rock - Mohammed ascended to and returned from heaven there
Christianity : Church of the Holy sepulcher (jesus was crucified

Question 11

What was the world’s most important trade route for hundreds of years until the 1400s?

Answer 11

silk road

Question 12

What 2 institutions dominated most people’s lives in Europe in the Middle Ages?

Answer 12

The catholic church and the feudal system

Question 13

How did the Black Death (Plague) help bring about an end to the Middle Ages? (several reasons)

Answer 13

• Doubt in the church led people to look for answers in their places
• Fewer workers meant more wages and rights for remaining workers pretty much destroyed the Feudal System
• There was a food surplus ( less people and improved technology) :
  - Prices went down so people could spend money on other luxury items
  
  • Fewer farmers were needed so new careers were launched

Question 14

How did the Crusades help bring about an end to the Middle Ages?

Answer 14

Even though they failed, it brought europeans into contact with more advanced muslim cultures
A series of military campaigns in which european knights tried to flee the Holy lands around jerusalem from muslim control
Inspired an interest in travel and trade to get muslim goods

Question 15

Why did the Renaissance start in Italy?

Answer 15

The Italian cities were most involved in trade and commerce. That meant they were the most exposed to new goods, new ideas and new cultures.

Question 16

What were 3 problems in the Church Martin Luther was upset about?

Answer 16

Luther flatly denied that indulgences had any power to remit sin. He also criticized the power of the pope and the wealth of the church.

Question 17

How did the Church react to Luther’s 95 Theses?

Answer 17

The church was very mad at luther and excommunicated him from the church

Question 18

What invention helped Luther’s message spread so quickly throughout Europe

Answer 18

printing press

Question 19

What were the 3 main parts of the Catholic “Counter-Reformation” that tried to stop the growing influence of Protestants?

Answer 19

Council of Trent, Roman Inquisition, Edict of Worms

Question 20

What did the Council of Trent do to address Luther’s criticisms?

Answer 20

The Council of Trent rejected the Protestants’ emphasis on self-discipline and individual faith.

Question 21

What long term effects on Europe did the Protestant Reformation have? A map of Europe after the Reformation would be super helpful here

Answer 21

religious diversity