Chapter 2- Psychology Dimension Flashcards
What are the 4 major perspectives in th psychology dimension?
1.Psychoanalytic / psychodynamic
2. Behavioural
3. Cognitive
4. Humanistic-existential
Who created the Psychoanalytic theory ?
Freud
Who created psychodynamic theories?
Post Freud theories
What are the 3 components of the psyche?
Id - pleasure principle
Ego- reality principle
Superego - ‘conscience’ moral principle
Intrapsychic conflicts?
Psychopathology results from unconscious conflicts in the individual
What are defense mechanisms?
Ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
What did Bowlby and Mahler propose for the psychodynamic theories?
Proposed that the need to be loved, accepted, and emotionally supported is of primary importance in childhood
What are the contemporary beliefs on psychodynamic theories?
- Recognize the importance of unconscious
- Importance of childhood experiences, can help shape adult personality
- Agrees use of defense mechanism to control anxiety and stress
What is the objective of psychoanalysis?
To uncover material blocked from consciousness
What is Interpersonal psychotherapy?
Links childhood experiences with current relational patterns
What is brief psychodynamic therapy?
Focus on past relationship issues and how they affect current emotional relationship experiences
What does the behavioural model in the psychological dimension propose?
That abnormal behaviors are learned behaviors.
Learning occurs through classical conditioning, operant conditioning and modeling/observational learning.
What are examples of modeling / observational learning?
Anxiety (phobias)
Substance abuse
Aggression/misconduct
What are the behavioural therapies? (4)
Exposure therapy
Behavioural parent management
Behavioural classroom management
Social skills training: assertiveness training
What does the cognitive model propose?
That we are all active interpreters of a situation.
Focuses on how thoughts and information processing can become distorted and lead to maladaptive emotions and behavior
What did Aron Beck think?
That depression results from negative schemas
What is negative reinforcement?
The removal or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus strengthens or increases the likelihood of a specific behaviors
What does this scenario exemplify:
Car beeps until the passenger fastens their seatbelt?
Negative reinforcement.
When the person fastens their seatbelt (desired behavior), the aversive stimulus (beeping) is removed, reinforcing the seatbelt-wearing behavior
What operant conditioning is studying for an exam?
Negative reinforcement .
Student feels anxious (aversive emotional state)
Student studies (to alleviate the anxiety and stress)
