Chapter 1 - Abnormal Behavior

Question 1

Mental disorder

Answer 1

Psychological symptoms or behavioural patterns that reflect an underlying psychobiological dysfunction, are associated with distress or disability, and are not merely and expectable response to common stressors or losses

Question 2

Mental illness

Answer 2

A mental health condition. That negatively affects a person’s emotions, thinking, behavior, relationships with others , or overall functioning

Question 3

abnormal psychology

Answer 3

The scientific study of whose objectives are to describe, explain, predict, and modify behaviours associated with mental disorders

Question 4

Psychopathology

Answer 4

The study of the symptoms, causes, and treatments of mental disorders

Question 5

Mental health professional

Answer 5

Health care practitioners (such as psychologists, psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, social workers, or mental health counselors) whose services focus on improving mental health or treating mental illness.

Question 6

etiology

Answer 6

The cause or causes for a condition

Question 7

Treatment plan

Answer 7

A proposed course of therapy, developed collaboratively by a therapist and client, that adresses the client’s most distressing mental health symptoms

Question 8

Psychodiagnosis

Answer 8

Assessment and description of an individual’s psychological symptoms, including inferences about what might be causing the psychological distress

Question 9

Psychotherapy

Answer 9

A program of systematic intervention with the purpose of improving a client’s behavioural, emotional, or cognitive symptoms

Question 10

Hallucination

Answer 10

A sensory experience (such as an image, sound, smell or taste) that seems real but that does not exist outside of the mind

Question 11

Culture

Answer 11

The configuration of shared values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours that is transmitted from one generation to another by member of a particular group and symbolized by artifacts, roles, expectations, and institutions

Question 12

Cultural relativism

Answer 12

The belief that lifestyles, cultural values, and worldviews affect the expression and definition of mental disorders

Question 13

Cultural universality

Answer 13

The assumption that a fixed set of mental disorders exists whose manifestations and symptoms are similar across cultures

Question 14

Psychiatric epidemiology

Answer 14

The study of the prevalence of mental illness in a society

Question 15

Prevalence

Answer 15

The percentage of individuals in a targeted population who have a particular disorder during a specific period of time

Question 16

Lifetime prevalence

Answer 16

The percentage of people in the population who have had a disorder at some point in their lives

Question 17

Stereotype

Answer 17

An oversimplified, often inaccurate, image or idea about a group of people

Question 18

Social stigma

Answer 18

Négative, societal beliefs about a group, including the view that the group is somehow different from other members of society

Question 19

Prejudice

Answer 19

An unfair, preconceived judgement about a person or group based on their supposed characteristics

Question 20

Discrimination

Answer 20

Unjust or prejudicial treatment towards a person based on the person’s actual perceived membership in a certain group

Question 21

Self-stigma

Answer 21

Acceptance of prejudice and discrimination based on internalized negative societal beliefs or stereotypes

Question 22

Self-efficacy

Answer 22

Belief in one’s ability to succeed in a specific situation

Question 23

Biological vulnerability

Answer 23

Genetic or physiological susceptibility

Question 24

Empowerment

Answer 24

Increasing one’s sense of personal strength and self-worth

Question 25

Trephining

Answer 25

A surgical method from the Stone Age in which part of the skull was chipped away to provide an opening through which an evil spirit could escape

Question 26

Exorcism

Answer 26

Treatment method used by the early Greeks, Chinese, Hebrews, and Egyptians in which prayers, noises, emetics, flogging, and starvation were used to cast evil spirits out of an afflicted person’s body

Question 27

Brain pathology

Answer 27

A dysfunction or disease of the brain

Question 28

Hysteria

Answer 28

An outdated term referring to excessive or uncontrollable emotion, sometimes resulting in somatic symptoms (such as blindness or paralysis) that have no apparent physical cause

Question 29

Tarantism

Answer 29

A form of mass hysteria prevalent during the Middle Ages, characterized by wild raving, jumping, dancing, and convulsing

Question 30

Humanism

Answer 30

A philosophical movement that emphasizes human welfare and the worth and uniqueness of the individual

Question 31

Moral treatment movement

Answer 31

Crusade to institute more humane treatment of people with mental illness

Question 32

Biological viewpoint

Answer 32

The belief that mental disorders have a physical orphysiological basis

Question 33

Syndrome

Answer 33

Certain symptoms that tend to occur regularly in clusters

Question 34

Psychological viewpoint

Answer 34

The belief that mental disorders are caused by psychological and emotional factors rather than biological influences

Question 35

Cathartic method

Answer 35

A therapeutic use of verbal expression to release pent-up emotional conflicts

Question 36

Intrapsychic

Answer 36

Psychological processes occurring within the mind

Question 37

Multicultural psychology

Answer 37

A branch of psychology that focuses on culture, race, ethnicity, gender, age, socioeconomic class, and other similar factors in its effort to understand behaviour

Question 38

Positive psychology

Answer 38

The philosophical and scientific study of positive human functioning and the strengths and assets of individuals, families, and communities

Question 39

Spirituality

Answer 39

Belief in an animating life force or energy beyond what we can perceive with our senses

Question 40

Optimal human functioning

Answer 40

Qualities such as subjective well-being, optimism, resilience, hope, courage, ability to cope with stress, self-actualisation, and self-determinism

Question 41

Psychological resilience

Answer 41

Thé capacity to effectively adapt to and bounce back from stress, trauma, and other adversity

Question 42

Recovery movement

Answer 42

Philosophy that with appropriate treatment and support those with mental illness can improve and live satisfying lives even with any limitations caused by their illness

Question 43

Psychotropic medications

Answer 43

Drugs used to treat or manage psychiatric symptoms by influencing brain activity associated with emotions and behaviour

Question 44

Managed health care

Answer 44

The industrialization of health care, whereby large organisations in the private sector control the delivery of services