Chapter 2 - Prehistory And The Birth Of Civilization

Question 1

Who is Don Johanson?

Answer 1

Discovered Lucy.

Question 2

Ethnographer

Answer 2

Studies preliterate societies

Question 3

Geologist

Answer 3

Study of the earth

Question 4

Anthropologist

Answer 4

Person who studies human biology, society, and cultural practices

Question 5

Archaeologist

Answer 5

Study of artifacts from past societies

Question 6

Paleontologist

Answer 6

Person who studies fossil remains from earth’s earliest living creatures

Question 7

Sympathetic magic

Answer 7

A method by which one gains power over an object by manipulating it’s name or physical characteristics

Question 8

How was sympathetic magic used?

Answer 8

To ensure a successful hunt.

Question 9

Paleolithic age

Answer 9

“Old Stone;”
7 million - 10,000 BC
Hunters and gatherers

Question 10

What changed during the Mesolithic era?

Answer 10

The development of communities and the specialization of labor.

Question 11

Neolithic age

Answer 11

“New Stone”
8,000 - 4,000
Agricultural Revolution

Question 12

What is the specialization of labor?

Answer 12

Encouraged trade and economic development

Question 13

How did the specialization of labor change culture and social class?

Answer 13

Stimulated productivity and encouraged trade which enhanced the growth of the urban economy.

Question 14

Who is Lucy?

Answer 14

Found by Don Johanson in the 1970s. She is the first full skeleton and has a locking knee joint. Found in ethiopia.

Question 15

Why is Lucy significant?

Answer 15

Lucy was, at the time, the most complete early human skeleton. She also had a locking knee joint.

Question 16

Who is Mary Leaky? Why is she important?

Answer 16

She discovered Turkana boy as well as footprints showing that early humans stood up and had “spouses.”

Question 17

Who is Turkana boy and why is he important?

Answer 17

Turkana boy was found in the Rift Valley. He is important because of his brain size.

Question 18

What is the “Out of Africa” theory?

Answer 18

All humans began in Africa and then they migrated out.

Question 19

What is the “Multi-Regionalist” theory?

Answer 19

Humans evolved around various parts of the world at around the same time.

Question 20

How did fire change culture?

Answer 20

Fire provided safety, warmth, and a means for cooking food. Because humans sat around the hearth, they developed a language and began to develop connections to each other.

Question 21

Why do we no longer think Paleolithic people were the hunters and now think that they were, in fact, the hunted?

Answer 21

Markings found on bones are made in a way that humans would not have been able to make.

Question 22

How were cave paintings created?

Answer 22

With natural pigments

Question 23

How were they signed?

Answer 23

Handprints

Question 24

What are the various divisions of anthropology and how do they differ?

Answer 24

Anthropologists - human biology, society, and cultural practices

Cultural anthropologists (ethnographers) - surviving preliterate societies