Chapter 2 - Prehistory And The Birth Of Civilization Flashcards
Who is Don Johanson?
Discovered Lucy.
Ethnographer
Studies preliterate societies
Geologist
Study of the earth
Anthropologist
Person who studies human biology, society, and cultural practices
Archaeologist
Study of artifacts from past societies
Paleontologist
Person who studies fossil remains from earth’s earliest living creatures
Sympathetic magic
A method by which one gains power over an object by manipulating it’s name or physical characteristics
How was sympathetic magic used?
To ensure a successful hunt.
Paleolithic age
“Old Stone;”
7 million - 10,000 BC
Hunters and gatherers
What changed during the Mesolithic era?
The development of communities and the specialization of labor.
Neolithic age
“New Stone”
8,000 - 4,000
Agricultural Revolution
What is the specialization of labor?
Encouraged trade and economic development
How did the specialization of labor change culture and social class?
Stimulated productivity and encouraged trade which enhanced the growth of the urban economy.
Who is Lucy?
Found by Don Johanson in the 1970s. She is the first full skeleton and has a locking knee joint. Found in ethiopia.
Why is Lucy significant?
Lucy was, at the time, the most complete early human skeleton. She also had a locking knee joint.
Who is Mary Leaky? Why is she important?
She discovered Turkana boy as well as footprints showing that early humans stood up and had “spouses.”
Who is Turkana boy and why is he important?
Turkana boy was found in the Rift Valley. He is important because of his brain size.
What is the “Out of Africa” theory?
All humans began in Africa and then they migrated out.
What is the “Multi-Regionalist” theory?
Humans evolved around various parts of the world at around the same time.
How did fire change culture?
Fire provided safety, warmth, and a means for cooking food. Because humans sat around the hearth, they developed a language and began to develop connections to each other.
Why do we no longer think Paleolithic people were the hunters and now think that they were, in fact, the hunted?
Markings found on bones are made in a way that humans would not have been able to make.
How were cave paintings created?
With natural pigments
How were they signed?
Handprints
What are the various divisions of anthropology and how do they differ?
Anthropologists - human biology, society, and cultural practices
Cultural anthropologists (ethnographers) - surviving preliterate societies
