Chapter 2 PPT Notes Flashcards
4 areas human growth patterns occur in
- Physical
- Intellectual
- Emotional
- Social
Rates of Development
how long it takes for growth patterns to occur in everyone
Adolescent growth spurt
growth of and changes to your body; period of sudden growth
Puberty
a maturing of the reproductive organs that brings about hormonal changes
Intellectual Development
The growth of the brain and mental skills
Brainstem
life-sustaining bodily functions
Cerebellum
automatic movements
Midbrain
reflexes and some voluntary movements
Limbic System
emotions, hormone production, eating, and sleeping
Cortex
thinking, decision making, and judgment
Corpus Callosum
divided into two halves, connected by a cable of neurons
frontal lobe
responsible for executive functions
Executive Functions
those that help people control their behaviors
The mature brain can:
think abstractly, use logic, and plan for the future
Concrete thinking
thinking related to specific objects that can be seen or touched
Abstract thinking
thoughts about something you cannot see, touch, taste, smell, or hear
Critical Thinking
active process of improving your own thinking
Visualizing
process in which you try to picture in your mind how things might be
Emotional development
ability to experience, express, and control emotions
First step to controlled emotional responses:
identify emotions
Controlled emotional responses
express emotion in an appropriate way and remove yourself from the situation
5 ways to develop emotional maturity
- family support
- relationships with adults and peers
- practicing “high roads” responses
- reduce stress
- avoid controlled substances
Social Development
involves appreciating diversity and opposing viewpoints
Diversity
the unique qualities of people from different backgrounds
Socialization
learning the behavior society accepts
Moral Development
understanding the difference between acceptable and unacceptable behaviors
Role
a way of acting to fulfill certain responsibilities
Character
Principles and beliefs that shape your behavior
Ethics
moral standards used to judge right and wrong
Self-discipline
ability to control your behavior
integrity
the quality of being completely honest
6 desirable character traits that contribute to social maturity
- Self-discipline
- Integrity
- Dependability
- Responsibility
- Initiative
- Fairness
Character is developed by family through:
Teaching, training, examples, and reinforcement of positive character traits
Personality
the sum of all your personal and behavioral traits
Self-concept
the mental picture you have of yourself
Temperament
the way you typically relate to others
4 areas of temperament
- Intellectual
- Physical Activity
- Expression of emotions
- Sociability (introvert vs. Extrovert)
Extrovert
a person who is very outgoing and enjoys being with people
Introvert
a person who may prefer to be alone or with a very small group of people
