Chapter 2 Populations Flashcards
Agricultural density
The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for farming
Arithmetic density
The total number of people divided by total land area
Census
A complete enumeration of a population
Crude birth rate (CD-R)
The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society
Demographic transition
The process of change in a society’s population from a condition of high crude birth/death and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth/death rates, low rate of natural increase and higher total population
Demography
The scientific study of population characteristics
Dependency ratio
The number of people under 15 and over 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force
Doubling time
The number of years needed to double a population, assuming constant rate of natural increase
Ecumene
The portion of earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement
Epidemiologic transition
Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition
Epidemiology
The branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of disease that are prevalent among a population at a certain time
Industrial revolution
A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods
Infant mortality rate (IMR)
The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year for every 1,000 live births in a society
Life expectancy
The average # of years an individual can be expected to live given certain social, economical, & medical conditions
Medical revolution
Medical technology invented in Europe & North America that had diffused to the poorer countries in Latin America, Asia, & Africa
Natural increase rate (NIR)
The percentage of growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth-crude death
Overpopulation
A situation in which the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living
Pandemic
Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population
Physiological density
The number of people per unit of area of farming land
Population pyramid
A bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and sex
Sex ratio
The numbers of males per 100 females
Total fertility rate (TFR)
The average # of children a women will have throughout her childbearing years
Zero population growth (ZPG)
A decline of the total fertility rate to a point where the national increase rate = 0
