Chapter 2: Population Genetics

Question 1

What is p in the Hardy Weinberg Equation?

Answer 1

frequency of allele 1 (conventionally the most common, normal allele)

Question 2

What is q in Hardy Weinberg equation?

Answer 2

frequency of allele 2 (conventionally a minor, disease-producing allele)

Question 3

p2 in Hardy Weinberg equation?

Answer 3

frequency of genotype 1-1 (conventionally homozygous normal)

Question 4

What is 2pq in Hardy Weinberg equation?

Answer 4

frequency of genotype 1-2 (conventionally heterozygous)

Question 5

What does q2 in Hardy Weinberg stand for?

Answer 5

frequency of genotype 2-2 (conventionally homozygous affected)

Question 6

If prevalence of PKU is 1/10,000 what would the allele frequency be ?

Answer 6

(1/10,000) = 1/100 = 0.01

Question 7

What is the carrier frequency of PKU if prevalence is 1/10,000?

Answer 7

2(1/100) = 1/50

Question 8

How do you calculate Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium for dominant diseases?

Answer 8

Take into fact that 2q becomes the prevalence here so q2 = prevalence of homozygous dominant individuals

Question 9

In X-linked recessive conditions, if 1/10,000 males has the condition…what is the prevalence in females? and allele frequency in males? Female carriers?

Answer 9

q is allele frequency 1/10,000

q2= prevalence in females = 1/100,000,000

2pq = carriers = (1/5,000)

Question 10

What is founder effect?

Answer 10

when a new mutation is introduced into the population

Question 11

What are the 4 evolutionary factors responsible for genetic variation in a population?

Answer 11

• mutation
• natural selection
• genetic drift
• gene flow