Chapter 2: Population

Question 1

Agricultural Density

Answer 1

Number of farmers/total arable land.

Question 2

Agricultural Revolution

Answer 2

The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering.

Question 3

Arithmetic Density

Answer 3

The total number of people/total land area.

Question 4

Census

Answer 4

A complete enumeration of a population.

Question 5

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Answer 5

The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

Question 6

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

Answer 6

The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

Question 7

Demographic Transition

Answer 7

The process of change in a society’s population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population.

Question 8

Demography

Answer 8

The scientific study of population characteristics.

Question 9

Dependency Ratio

Answer 9

The number of people under the age of 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force.

Question 10

Doubling Time

Answer 10

The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

Question 11

Ecumene

Answer 11

The portion of Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement.

Question 12

Epidemiologic Transition

Answer 12

Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition.

Question 13

Epidemiology

Answer 13

Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality.

Question 14

Industrial Revolution

Answer 14

A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.

Question 15

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

Answer 15

The total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year old for every 1,000 live births in a society.

Question 16

Life Expectancy

Answer 16

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number a newborn infant can expect to live.

Question 17

Medical Revolution

Answer 17

Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives.

Question 18

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

Answer 18

The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.

Question 19

Overpopulation

Answer 19

The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.

Question 20

Pandemic

Answer 20

Disease that occurs over wide geographic area and affects a very high portion of the population.

Question 21

Physiological Density

Answer 21

The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.

Question 22

Population Pyramid

Answer 22

A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.

Question 23

Sex Ratio

Answer 23

The number of males per 100 females in the population.

Question 24

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Answer 24

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years.

Question 25

Zero Population Growth

Answer 25

A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero.