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Human Geography > Chapter 1: Basic Concepts > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Basic Concepts Flashcards

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1
Q

Agricultural Density

A

The ratio of # of farmers/arable land.

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2
Q

Arithmetic Density

A

of people/land area.

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3
Q

Base Line

A

An east-west line designated under the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States.

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4
Q

Cartography

A

Map making.

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5
Q

Concentration

A

The spread of something over a given area.

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6
Q

Connections

A

Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space.

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7
Q

Contagious Diffusion

A

The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population.

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8
Q

Cultural Ecology

A

Geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships.

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9
Q

Cultural Landscape

A

Fashioning of a natural landscape by a culture group.

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10
Q

Culture

A

The body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group’s distinct tradition.

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11
Q

Density

A

The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area.

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12
Q

Diffusion

A

The process of spreading a feature or trend from one place to another.

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13
Q

Distance Decay

A

The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.

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14
Q

Distribution

A

The arrangement of something across Earth’s surface.

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15
Q

Environmental Determinism

A

A nineteenth- an dearly twentieth century approach to the study of geography which argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities.

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16
Q

Expansion Diffusion

A

The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process.

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17
Q

Formal Region

A

Also called homogeneous or uniform region. An are in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics.

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18
Q

Functional Region

A

Also called a nodal region. An area organized around a node or focal point.

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19
Q

Geographic Information System (GIS)

A

A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data.

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20
Q

Global Positioning System (GPS)

A

A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers.

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21
Q

Globalization

A

Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.

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22
Q

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)

A

The time in that zone encompassing the prime meridian.

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23
Q

Hearth

A

The region from which innovative ideas originate.

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24
Q

Hierarchical Diffusion

A

The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places.

25
Q

International Date Line

A

An arc that for the most part follows 180 degrees longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. When you cross the International Date Lind heading East ( towards America) the clock moves back 24 hours , and vice versa.

26
Q

Land Ordinance of 1785

A

A law that divided much of the United States into townships in facilitate the sale of land to settlers.

27
Q

Latitude

A

Parallels measuring distance north and south.

28
Q

Location

A

The position of anything on Earth’s surface.

29
Q

Longitude

A

Meridians measuring east and west.

30
Q

Map

A

a two dimensional representation of a portion of Earth’s surface.

31
Q

Mental Map

A

A representation of a portion of earth’s surface based on what an individual knows about a place containing personal impressions of what is in a place and where places are located.

32
Q

Meridian

A

An arc drawn on a map between the North and South poles.

33
Q

Parallels

A

A circle drawn around the globe at right angles to the meridians.

34
Q

Pattern

A

The geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area.

35
Q

Physiological Density

A

The number of people per unit of are of arable land.

36
Q

Arable Land

A

Land suitable for agriculture.

37
Q

Place

A

A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular character.

38
Q

Polder

A

Land created by the Dutch by draining water from an area.

39
Q

Possibilism

A

The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human activities, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives.

40
Q

Prime Meridian

A

The meridian designated as 0 degrees longitude that passes through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich England.

41
Q

Principle Meridian

A

A north-south line designated in the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States.

42
Q

Projection

A

The system used to transfer locations from Earth’s surface to a map.

43
Q

Region

A

An area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features.

44
Q

Regional Studies

A

Cultural Landscape studies. An approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area.

45
Q

Relocation Diffusion

A

The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another.

46
Q

Remote Sensing

A

The acquisition of data about Earth’s surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long-distance methods.

47
Q

Resource

A

A substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use.

48
Q

Scale

A

Generally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studies and Earth as a whole; specifically the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth’s surface.

49
Q

Section

A

A square normally 1 mile on a side. The Land Ordinance of 1785 divided townships in the United States into 36 sections.

50
Q

Site

A

The physical character of a place.

51
Q

Situation

A

The location of a place relative to other places.

52
Q

Space

A

The physical gap or interval between two objects.

53
Q

Space-Time Compression

A

The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communications and transportation systems.

54
Q

Stimulus Diffusion

A

The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected.

55
Q

Toponym

A

The name given to a portion of Earth’s surface.

56
Q

Township

A

A square normally 6 miles on a side. The Land Ordinance of 1785 divided much of the United States into a series of townships.

57
Q

Transnational Corporations

A

A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located.

58
Q

Uneven Development

A

The increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy.

59
Q

Vernacular Region

A

Also called perceptual regions. An are that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity.

Human Geography (10 decks)

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