Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Police Administration > Chapter 2 Policing Today > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Policing Today Flashcards

1
Q

Computer Software systems focused on the intelligent processing of knowledge versus mere data processing; based on scientific disciplines

A

Artificial intelligence (AI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

One of the largest and most comprehensive community policing initiatives in the United States, conducted by the Chicago Police Department during the 1990s.

A

CAPS : Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

One of the first experiments in the CompStat process, used in Minneapolis, Minnesota, designed specifically to reduce crime and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the police department.

A

CODEFOR: Computer Optimized DEployment–Focus On Results

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A policing philosophy that focuses on general neighborhood problems as a source of crime; community policing is preventive, proactive, and information-based

A

Community Policing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A police methodology using the most accurate and timely information to identify crime and social problems within a given geographic area and then to develop strategies designed to stop or prevent them from occurring in the future; It holds police administrators accountable for their decisions, tactics, and strategies aimed at reducing crime

A

CompStat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The organization of massive quantities of raw data and information relating to reported crime in an effort to identify trends and patterns and then to forecast specific events from the statistical manipulation of these data

A

Crime analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

more of a police tactic than style, directed patrol usually involves the directing of patrol officers to specific locations during their patrol shift; saturation patrol concentrates additional officers on specific locations at specific times in an attempt to efficiently deploy officers as well as deter and prevent crime

A

directed and saturation patrols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a style of policing using the best available research to guide, manage, and evaluate police operations within a community.

A

evidence-based policing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the integration of automated database operations and high-level mapping to analyze, manipulate, and manage spatial data, particularly relevant to crime analysis and forecasting. (GIS)

A

geographic information systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

(GIS)

A

geographic information systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

a geographically based approach to crime-fighting focused on in-depth analysis of “places” and times, and deploying police officers to those locations that account for the majority of calls for service and crime in a community.

A

hot-spots policing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

(ILP)

A

intelligence-led policing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

arising from the 9/11 terrorist attacks, ILP is a relatively new policing style focused on offenders, not crime incidents, using intelligence analysis to prevent crime

A

intelligence-led policing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

a worldwide network of computer systems and other computer networks that offers the opportunity for sending information to and receiving information from a vast audience from around the world

A

Internet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

a style of community policing fostered by Lee P. Brown in Houston, Texas that focused on crime and social problems in select neighborhoods or districts

A

neighborhood-oriented policing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

a proactive policing style that uses information and analytical tools to prevent crime while using the fewest police resources possible

A

predictive policing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

originally branded by Herman Goldstein , this style of policing addresses reoccurring social problems within a community through an innovative, four-step model called SARA

A

problem-oriented policing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

a cyclical, four-step problem-solving methodology designed to enhance community policing: Scanning, Analysis,, Response, and Assessment.

A

SARA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

SARA

A

Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

a style of policing based on response to calls for service after the activity has occurred; traditional policing is a reactive and incident driven

A

traditional policing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

(ZTP)

A

Zero-tolerance policing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

a focused police strategy built on the philosophy that visible signs of social decay often lead to more serious crimes in a specific neighborhood; emphasis then, should be on strict enforcement of the law for even minor crimes of disorder

A

Zero-tolerance policing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which common crime analysis technique is computerized reports derived from court-ordered long-distance telephone billings of suspects in illegal narcotics trafficking

A

Telephone toll analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which common crime analysis technique is a powerful analytic tool used to reveal the hidden connections among criminals and the structure of clandestine, organized criminal entities often found in street gangs, La Cosa Nostra families, white-collar crime syndicates, large drug trafficking cartels, and terrorist organizations

A

Link Analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

This is a graphic portrayal of associations and relationships among people, organizations, events, activities, and locations from a given point in time

A

Link analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Some of the more common crime analysis techniques are: (7)

A
  1. Tactical Crime analysis or Crime-specific analysis
  2. Strategic Crime Analysis
  3. Link Analysis
  4. Telephone toll analysis
  5. Visual investigative analysis
  6. Case analysis and management system (CAMS)
  7. Intelligence Analysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

This is the identification of networks of offenders and criminal activity, often associated with organized crime, gangs, drug traffickers, prostitution rings, and terrorist organizations.

A

Intelligence Analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which common crime analysis technique is charting that depicts key events of criminal activity in chronological order; it is used to show the degree of involvement of subjects?

A

Visual investigative Analysis

29
Q

The study of crime and/or social problems in a specific area in an effort to determine long-term patterns or activity as well as to evaluate police responses and organizational procedures

A

Strategic Crime Analysis

30
Q

Which common crime analysis technique is used to clarify relationships and to calculate the probability of associations

A

Case analysis and management system (CAMS)

31
Q

Which common crime analysis technique is a tabular or graphic display of reported crimes within a given pattern of time and / or location

A

Tactical crime analysis or Crime-specific analysis

32
Q

Computer Optimized Deployment-Focus on Results; one of the first experiments in the COMPSTAT process, used in Minneapolis, Minnesota, designed specifically to reduce crime and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the police department

A

CODEFOR

33
Q

In 1983, which police department developed a problem-oriented approach to policing

A

Newport News, Virginia

34
Q

COMPSTAT was started in what city in the late 1990’s

A

Philadelphia

35
Q

A review of research on traditional policing found that saturation patrol does not reduce crime; instead, it:

A

Displaces it

36
Q

The kind of crime that terrifies Americans most is rarely encountered by police on patrol. According to PA what are the crimes that terrifies Americans the most: (5)

A
  1. Mugging
  2. rape
  3. robbery
  4. burglary
  5. homicide
37
Q

Crimes are not solved through criminal investigations conducted by police. they are solved because:

A
  1. suspects are immediately apprehended, or

2. someone identifies them (name or license number)

38
Q

The electronic system used most widely by police to communicate more effectively on a global scale is the:

A

Internet

39
Q

The simplest digital device capable of transmitting electronic information from point to point is:

A

the fax machine

40
Q

The unique benefits of the internet are speed and efficiency combined with:

A

Global reach

41
Q

For the most part, the Community Policing movement has focused on programs that foster five elements: (5)

A
  1. a commitment to crime prevention
  2. public scrutiny of the police
  3. accountability of police actions to the public
  4. customized police service
  5. community organization
42
Q

Primarily, community policing is characterized by ongoing attempts to:

A

Promote greater community involvement in the police function

43
Q

The four step problem-solving methodology (commonly referred to as SARA). what are the four steps?

A
  1. Scanning
  2. Analysis
  3. Response
  4. Assessment
44
Q

Most cities, and particularly large metropolitan communities, have realized that the implementation of community policing demands dramatic modification in the existing: (4)

A
  1. philosophy
  2. structure
  3. operation
  4. deployment of police
45
Q

This is a collection of modern management practices, military-like deployment efforts, and strong enforcement strategies all based on the availability of accurate statistical crime data

A

COMSTAT

46
Q

Four core principles highlight the police department’s model of COMSTAT: (4)

A
  1. accurate and timely intelligence and statistical crime information based on geographical settings and/or areas.
  2. rapid deployment of resources
  3. effective tactics and strategies of enforcement that focus on visible street crimes or “quality -of-life” crimes
  4. relentless follow-up and assessment
47
Q

COMPSTAT represents a natural evolution in the community policing philosophy. Essentially, the merging of COMPSTAT with fundamental community policing methodologies maximizes the efficiency and effectiveness of a police organization. Several advantages from this merging of strategies can be summarized as follows:

A
  1. COMPSTAT enhances communication between the police and the community.
  2. COMSTAT improves communications within the police organization and between other organizations and agencies
  3. COMSTAT is problem-oriented and preventive
  4. The COMSTATE proces highlights managerial accountability
  5. COMSTAT is flexible and adaptive, with a focus on effectiveness
48
Q

Central to the support of community policing and COMPSTAT, are new technologies which include: (4)

A
  1. Crime analysis
  2. geographic information systems
  3. artificial intelligence and expert systems
  4. internet communication
49
Q

Crime Analysis—Kinney reports that criminal intelligence analysis can support 1________, 2_______, and 3________ in their attempts to prevent and control crime

A
  1. investigators
  2. decision makers
  3. policy makers
50
Q

The goal of Artificial Intelligence is to develop computers that can think as well as: (5)

A
  1. See
  2. Hear
  3. Walk
  4. Talk
  5. Feel
51
Q

Artificial Intelligence is a science and a technology based on disciplines such as: (6)

A
  1. Computer Science
  2. biology
  3. psychology
  4. linguistics
  5. mathematics
  6. engineering
52
Q

This can be defined as a shift from mere data processing to an intelligent processing of knowledge

A

Artificial Intelligence

53
Q

The four major research focuses of artificial intelligence are:

A
  1. natural language applications
  2. robotic applications
  3. computer science applications
  4. cognitive science applications
54
Q

Artificial Intelligence: Which if the four major research focuses is said to be the most promising:

A

Cognitive science applications

55
Q

One of the most important technological advantages of the information age is the improvement of communication through the use of varied electronic media such as _____ and _____. This improvement can be directly linked to the vast improvements in the speed, processing and access capabilities of the personal computer and various network technologies.

A

fax machines & computers

56
Q

Several features of the Internet make it an ideal network technology for police and other criminal justice system practitioners: (5)

A
  1. The internet acts as a gateway to a vast and varied array of information resources that may be physically located in distant repositories
  2. the internet facilitates dialogue among users and groups of users
  3. Information can be downloaded directly to a user’s personal computer, eliminating printing and distribution costs often associated with hard paper copies
  4. Relatively easy searches of vast amounts of data can be accomplished on a worldwide basis, providing immediate access to important information
  5. The Internet promotes communication and information exchange between criminal justice agencies and practitioners, a problem that has traditionally plagued criminal justice coordination
57
Q

The police officer of the future must be able to relate to diverse groups of people in ways that stretch the imagination. To meet this challenge, police executives must ensure that three conditions exist: (3)

A
  1. Information technology development and design must support the emerging strategies in policing, particularly meeting the analytic demands embraced in community policing
  2. Police Officers and executives must manage technology rather than allow themselves to be managed by it
  3. Individual police officers must understand their role in the community as aided by, but not controlled by, the technological marvels of automation
58
Q

Computer software systems focused on the intelligent processing of knowledge versus mere data processing: based on scientific disciplines.

A

Artificial Intelligence (AL)

59
Q

The past decade has given rise to the integration of automated database operations, crime analysis, and high-level mapping. The merger of these powerful programs is commonly referred to as ___________

A

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

60
Q

GIS technologies differ from previous types of crime-analysis techniques / information systems in that their primary purpose is NOT purely cartographic, with emphasis on display and graphics, but rather the analysis, manipulation, and management of ________

A

Spatial Data

61
Q

Washington used artificial Intelligence to provide suspect files for which Homicide Investigation?

A

Green River Killings

62
Q

Who was one of the first critics of the traditional policing model

A

Herman Goldstein

63
Q

What book by Herman Goldstein described the wide range of “Problems” that should received police attention

A

Problem - Oriented Policing

64
Q

In the 1980’s, Wilson and Kelling’s _________ Thesis emerged as a dominant theme in the American policing debate

A

Broken Windows Thesis

65
Q

__________ is not a key feature of the Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy

A

Surveillance

66
Q

The central theme in Jack Maple’s novel, “The Crime Fighter”, was

A

COMPSTAT

67
Q

The new technology of ______ allows the display of geographic information on computer monitors

A

Desktop Mappings

68
Q

Chicago utilized a program called _______ to flag at risk officers

A

Brianmaker

69
Q

__________ represents on of the largest and most comprehensive community policing initiatives in the country?

A

(CAPS) Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy

Police Administration (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions