Chapter 1 The Evolution of Police Administration Flashcards
BSO : terrorist group
Black September Organization
Laws quickly adopted in souther states following the Civil War to repress African Americans
Black Codes
Someone who smuggled illegal alcohol during prohibition; also referred to people who hid a flask in their boot or held one to their leg with a garter
Bootlegger
1919 police strike that killed the possibility of police unionization until the 1960’s
Boston Police Strike
Police-staffed blockades established by some cities during the Depression to turn immigrants away at the city limits who would be a drain on local government resources if allowed to enter
Bum blockades
Northerners who came to the South following the Civil War, so-called because their suitcases were cheaply made of second-hand carpet.
carpetbaggers
In 1967 government report calling for improvements across the criminal justice system
Challenge of Crime in a Free Society
The farm worker and later civil rights activist, who fought for better working conditions and pay for migrant pickers
Cesar Chavez
The styler of city government that began in Stanton, Virginia, in 1908
City Manager Movement
Federal law that invalidated the Jim Crow laws; Title 7 forbade discrimination by businesses and unions on the basis of sex, race, color, religion, or national origin in hiring, promoting, and firing. Title 7 did not apply to state and local governments.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Created in 1979 with the support of police associations, this private body accredits law enforcement agencies that meet its list of standards
(CALEA) Commission on Accreditation of Law Enforcement Agencies
In the early 1980’s policing philosophy that essentially provided custom-tailored police services to neighborhoods and business districts. Used interchangeably with problem-oriented policing (POP)
Community-oriented policing
(COPS) a federal grant program
Community-Oriented Policing Services
Bank robber killed in Chicago by FBI agents in 1934, marking the end of the lawless era.
John Dillinger
Term for dried -out prairie states, where good topsoil blew away; many immigrated from those states to seek a better life. Lots of Okies
Dustbowl
Law that amended Title 7 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to include state and local units of government
Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972
Theory of policing that grew out of 1998 article by Larry Sherman, who argued that police practices should be based on the best evidence available.
Evidence-based policing (EBP)
Federal legislation in 1870 to combat Ku Klux Klan
Forces Act
Author who played a major role in the Cleveland Foundation Study.
Raymond Fosdick
Federal agency that provided assistance to African Americans after the Civil War
Freedmen’s Bureau
1890– the official date set by the federal government for the “closing of the frontier,” a key point in the transition from a rural to an urban society
Frontier closing
Persons in WW II who patrolled to make sure that during “black outs” no lights were showing that could assist enemy submarines in identifying targets if they shelled our coast. Also to prevent enemy submarines or aircraft from using lights to assist in their navigation. Police and civic groups shared this duty across the country.
Air Raid Wardens
U.s. President assassinated by frustrated patronage seeker; event gave momentum to passage of Pendleton Act
President Garfield
Brutal and widely seen 1979 attack on African Americans by KKK and American Nazi Party
Greensboro Massacre (N.C.)
U.S. President accused of “prostitution of the public service”
President Harrison
Established in 1973 HAPCOA provides training and other opportunities for its members
Hispanic American Police Command Officers Association
A Professional organization of Chiefs of international, federal, state, and local police agencies of all sizes
International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP)
Organization founded in 1969, roots in organization date back to 1926
International Association of Police Women (IAPW)
Southern laws that repressed African Americans, enacted 1880-1960, followed the Black Codes
Jim Crow Laws
Part of the trilogy of research and experiments that rocked policing in the early 1970’s
Kansas City Preventive Patrol Study
Distinguished leader in the Civil Rights movement, assassinated on April 4, 1968 in Memphis
Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr
Organization founded as a social club in 1866, quickly turned to terrorizing African Americans
Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
Committee that in 1894-1895 examined corruption in the New York Police Department
Lexow Committee
Initially was a severe beating, later synonymous with illegally hanging someone; initially meant rough justice. Derived from the name of Charles Lynch of Virginia. Led a group of people who took the law into their own hands to deal with criminals
Lynching
Also known as Political machine: a tightly controlled political party headed by a boss or small autocratic group whose purpose was to repeatedly win elections for personal gain, often through graft and corruption.
Machine politics
Individual convicted of the Oklahoma Cit bombing and murders, executed in 2001; he stated he wanted to get revenge for Ruby Ridge and Waco
Timothy McVeigh
Police theory that there is a war against crime and the police are front-line soldiers
Military model
Journalists and writers who exposed corruption and other abuses. President Theodore Roosevelt labeled Steffens, Sinclair and other writers who did this in a speech in 1906 as:
Muckrakers
Institution founded in 1934 by FBI to train state and local law enforcement officials.
National Academy (NA)
A government report on riots in 1968; also known as the Kerner /Commission after the groups Chair
National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders
Founded in 2002, an organization fostering leadership, fraternal enrichment , and advancement of Asian Commanders
National Association of American Asian Law Enforcement Commanders (NAAALEC)
Established to address the unique needs of women holding senior positions in law enforcement
National Association of Women Law Enforcement Executives (NAWLEE)
The first comprehensive national study of police. Conducted in 1929. Appointed by President Hoover to complete a comprehensive study of crime and policing in America’s history. Commonly known as the Wichersham Commission, taking the name of its chairman
National Commission on Law Observance and Law Enforcement
An on-line reference source for criminal justice students, scholars, practitioners, and the public
National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS)
Founded in 1976, NOBLE works toward the elimination of racism and bias with the law enforcement field
National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives
Also known as the Volstead Act, prohibition. National prohibition officially lasted from 1919 to 1933
National Prohibition Act
Chartered in 1940, The NSA, like other professional organizations provides education, training and information resources to its members
National Sheriffs Association
She was a WCTU activist who gained notoriety for “hatchitations,” ripping alcohol kegs open with her axe
Carry Nation
Term for immigrants from dust bowl states, many of them from Oklahoma
Okies
It was in the worse sense, rewarding voters for their loyalty rather than their ability; useful in appointing qualified supporter who can help politicians implement their polices. The use of government resource by politicians to reward loyal voters. Also called the spoils system
patronage