Chapter 2: Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases

Question 1

bonded atoms share electrons evenly

Answer 1

Nonpolar Covalent

Question 2

One of the atoms attracts electrons more than the other

Answer 2

Polar Covalent

Question 3

how strongly an atom attracts shared electron

Answer 3

electronegativity

Question 4

what difference of electronegativity is considered to be polar

Answer 4

(0.5- 1.5)

Question 5

what difference of electronegativity is considered to be nonpolar

Answer 5

(0 - 0.5)

Question 6

what difference of electronegativity is considered to be ionic

Answer 6

1.5 >

Question 7

which atom has the most electrons

Answer 7

the atom that is most electronegative (partiale -)

Question 8

what is a sign of polarity

Answer 8

lone pairs

Question 9

things that have the same formula but different structures

Answer 9

constitutional isomers

Question 10

is a substance that donates a hydrogen ion (H+), also called a proton

Answer 10

Bronsted acid

Question 11

s a substance that accepts the H

Answer 11

Bronsted base

Question 12

what is a strong acid

Answer 12

a compound that completely dissociates

Question 13

a strong acid makes what kind of base

Answer 13

weak and stable

Question 14

what is a alpha carbon

Answer 14

the carbon that the functional group is attached to

Question 15

what does it mean when the octet is full

Answer 15

stability

Question 16

what does it mean when a electronegative atom is already carrying a negative formal charge?

Answer 16

the compound is stable

Question 17

how are stability and acidic strength related

Answer 17

directly

Question 18

how are electronegativity and acidic strength related

Answer 18

indirectly

Question 19

what is a strong acid willing to do

Answer 19

give up a H

Question 20

what will equilibrium always favor

Answer 20

the formation of a weaker acid/base

Question 21

Lewis acids are what?

Answer 21

are electron pair acceptors

Question 22

Lewis bases are what?

Answer 22

are electron pair donors

Question 23

are all Brønsted acids/bases, Lewis acids/bases?

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

are all Lewis acids/bases, Brønsted acids/bases?

Answer 24

no

Question 25

Boron will always act like a what?

Answer 25

acid bc its p shell is always empty

Question 26

how many bonds does carbon usually have

Answer 26

four

Question 27

how many bonds does nitrogen usually have

Answer 27

three

Question 28

how many bonds does oxygen usually have

Answer 28

two

Question 29

how many bonds does halogens usually have

Answer 29

one

Question 30

acidity of carboxylic acid

Answer 30

3-5

Question 31

acidity of aromatic structures

Answer 31

10-11

Question 32

acidity of thiol

Answer 32

~13

Question 33

acidity of water

Answer 33

15.7

Question 34

acidity of alcohol

Answer 34

16-18

Question 35

what acidity does sp c have

Answer 35

~25

Question 36

what acidity does this have

Answer 36

20

Question 37

what acidity does sp2 c have

Answer 37

~45

Question 38

what acidity does sp3 c have

Answer 38

50-60

Question 39

what acidity does a amine have

Answer 39

36-40

Question 40

what is the order for acidity in increasing order

Answer 40

carboxylic acid
aromatic
thiol
water
alcohol
sp c
sp2 c
sp3 c
amine

Question 41

a solvent with no acidic/removable hydrogens

Answer 41

aprotic solvent

Question 42

a solvent with acidic/removable hydrogens

Answer 42

protic solvent

Question 43

what type of bonding do non polar compounds use

Answer 43

induced dipole

Question 44

what type of bonding does polar compounds use

Answer 44

dipole-dipole

Question 45

what atoms can be used in hydrogen bonding

Answer 45

F
O
N

Question 46

nonpolar

Answer 46

hydrophobic

Question 47

polar

Answer 47

hydrophilic