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Pharmacology > Chapter 2 - Pharmacy Procedures and Dosage Calculations > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Pharmacy Procedures and Dosage Calculations Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacy

A

The art and science of preparing and dispensing medications

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2
Q

Pharmacology

A

Study of how drugs work

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3
Q

Drug Order

A

Request by a Veterinarian to dispense or administer a drug within a hospital

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4
Q

Prescription

A

Drug order sent from a licensed professional (vet) to a separate dispensing facility (pharmacy) where it is filled by another licensed professional (pharmacist)

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5
Q

Controlled Substances /Schedule Drugs

A

Drugs like narcotics, strong sedatives, analgesics, or hallucinogenic drugs that have the potential for abuse

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6
Q

Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)

A

Regulates the use of potential abuse drugs in the US

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7
Q

How many classes of controlled substances are there?

A

5

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8
Q

Which is the higher potential for abuse controlled substance, I or V

A

One

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9
Q

Describe

Class I Controlled Substances

A

Extreme potential for abuse. No approved medicinal purposes in the US

(ex: heroin, LSD, non-medical marijuana)

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10
Q

Describe

Class II Controlled Substances

A

Highest potential for abuse that can be prescribed and can lead to severe physical or psychological dependence

(ex: opium, fentanyl, oxycodone, oxymorphone, pentobarbital, morphine, cocaine, methamphetamine, Ritalin, adderal and wild animal restraint drugs like etorphine hydrochloride)

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11
Q

Describe

Class III Controlled Substances

A

Some potential for abuse, may lead to low to moderate physical dependence or high psychological dependence.

(ex: Ultra-short acting barbiturates, Ketamine, Telazol, Tylenol + codeine, anabolic steroids)

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12
Q

Describe

Class IV Controlled Substances

A

Generally low potential for abuse, but use may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence

(ex: Butorphanol, Diazepam/Valium)

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13
Q

Describe

Class V Controlled Substances

A

Subject to state and local regulations and restrictions but have a low potential for abuse

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14
Q

Dosage Regimen

A

Complete information needed to determine the mass of the drug to be given, route of admin, how often to admin, and how long it is to be administered to the animal

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15
Q

Dose

A

Specific amount of drug to be given to a specific patient (50mg)

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16
Q

Dosage

A

Description of the mass of drug needed per unit of weight of animal for use in any animal (10mg/kg)

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17
Q

Dosage Range

A

Allow the Veterinarian to have some latitude in deciding whether to use the top or lower end of the approved dosage range (2-6mg/kg)

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18
Q

Describe ideal storage of controlled substances

A
  • ALL C-II to CV drugs to be stored here
  • Securely locked
  • Substantially constructed cabinet
  • Limited access to employees (few have key or know code)
  • Appropriate controlled substance log
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19
Q

Reverse Distributors

A

Authorized persons who have legal authority to receive and dispose of expired, damaged, or otherwise unstable controlled substances. Any such disposal needs to be documented in the Controlled Substance log

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20
Q

OD

A

Right eye

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21
Q

OS

A

Left eye

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22
Q

OU

A

Both eyes

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23
Q

STAT

A

Immediately

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24
Q

mg

A

Milligram

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25
Q

ml

A

Milliliter

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26
Q

disp

A

Dispense

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27
Q

BID

A

Twice daily

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28
Q

TID

A

Three times daily

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29
Q

SID

A

Once a day

30
Q

QOD

A

Every other day

31
Q

SQ

A

Subcutaneous

32
Q

Tbsp

A

Tablespoon (14.79 ml)

33
Q

tsp

A

Teaspoon (4.93 ml)

34
Q

QID

A

Four times daily

35
Q

PO

A

By mouth

36
Q

QD

A

Daily

37
Q

PRN

A

As needed

38
Q

L

A

Liter

39
Q

gtt

A

Drop

40
Q

gr

A

Grain

41
Q

G

A

Gram

42
Q

IP

A

Intraperitoneal

43
Q

IM

A

Intramuscular

44
Q

IV

A

Intravenous

45
Q

lb

A

Pound

46
Q

Kg

A

Kilogram

47
Q

q4h

A

Every 4 hours

48
Q

q8h

A

Every 8 hours

49
Q

qh

A

Every hour

50
Q

cc

A

Cubic centimeter

51
Q

mcg

A

Micrograms

52
Q

Metric System

A

Measurement system most commonly used in vet med (kilo-, centi-, milli-)
(gram (mass) liter (volume) meter (length))

53
Q

Apothecary System

A

Very old system, not used much, but such things as “fl oz”, “minims” and “grains” are sometimes seen in vet med.

54
Q

Household Measurement System

A

Based on household units of measurements, sometimes used in vet med (tsp, tbsp, cup, pint, gallon and lb), but metric is preferred (ex: converting tsp to mls)

55
Q

Dimensional Analysis (cancel out method)

A

Known Value (body weight in units (kg)) x Conversion factor (dose expressed in units (mg/kg)) = Answer (left with # of mg when kg cancel out)

(ex: 5kg x 10mg/kg = 50mg)

56
Q

Concentration/Strength of Dosage Form

A

Ratio of the mass or volume of a solute to the mass or volume of the solution or solvent
(ex: 100mg/ml)

57
Q

Percentage Solution/ Weight by Volume Percentage Solution (w/v)

A

Most commonly use in liquid dosage forms as number of grams (g) or drug in a volume (100ml) of medium

58
Q

Volume by Volume Percent Solutions (v/v)

A

Representing the number of milliliters (ml) of drug per 100 ml of total liquid medium

59
Q

Weight by Weight Percentage Solutions (w/w)

A

Number of grams of drug per 100 grams of drug and medium (mass of powdered drug mixed with powdered filler medium or mass of drug mixed with mass of liquid medium)

60
Q

Compounding

A

Defined by the FFDCA (Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act) as ANY manipulation of a drug product to produce a different dosage form other than what is is approved by the FDA

61
Q

Veterinarian Client Patient Relationship (VCPR)

A

The Veterinarian has examined or has adequate medical knowledge of the patient and has agreed to assume responsibility for Veterinary care of the patient

62
Q

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA)

A

A set of laws allowing the U.S Food and Drug Administration to regulate food, drug, and cosmetics safely

63
Q

Extra-label Drug Use (ELDU)

A

Use of a drug in an animal in a manner that is not in accordance with the approved labeling

64
Q

Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act of 1994 (AMDUCA)

A

Gives the Veterinarian the opportunity for off-label or extra-label drug use under certain conditions

65
Q

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

A

The federal agency responsible for protecting public health by controlling and supervising safety standards for food, drug, and cosmetic products that are either administered internally or are absorbed significantly into the body if administered topically

66
Q

Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970

A

Enabled the FDA to require special packaging for drugs that may be dangerous for children

67
Q

Withdrawal time

A

Time between the last administration of the drug and the time when the animal can be sent to market or the food products (milk/eggs) can be used

68
Q

Cytotoxic Drugs

A

Causes cell destruction “Cell Poison” should be stored away from other drugs with special care to temperature and light exposure.

69
Q

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

A

Created in 1986 by the US Department of Labor. Developed and published guidelines for safe storage, use, and disposal of hazardous chemicals and drugs

70
Q

Tetratogenic/Mutagenic Effects

A

Birth defects in the fetus of a pregnant veterinary professional by improper handling of cytotoxic and hazardous drugs resulting in accidental exposure, inhalation, or ingestion of the drug

71
Q

Carcinogenic Effects

A

Increase the risk of cancer or pre-neoplastic changes in animals and humans from exposure of cytotoxic and hazardous drugs

72
Q

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

A

For every cytotoxic agent or hazardous compound used in the practice. The MSDS must contain guidelines for protective precautions, clean up procedures and first aid for accidental exposure

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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