Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Chapter 1 - Veterinary Pharmacology > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Veterinary Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacology

A

The study of how drugs behave in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Clinical Pharmacology / Therapeutics

A

Applying pharmacology to specific treatments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs)

A

A broader term that includes any adverse reaction either within the therapeutic range (i.e side effect) or as the result of toxic accumulation of the drug.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 4 rules to live by for safe drug usage?

A
  • All drugs are poisons
  • No drug is a silver bullet
  • All doses are guesses
  • Complacency kills
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chemical name

A

The chemical composition or molecular structure of a drug (mostly used by chemists and pharmacologists)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nonproprietary / Generic Name

A

A more concise name given to the specific chemical compound (aspirin, acetaminophen, amoxicillin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Proprietary / Trade / Brand Name

A

A unique name a manufacturer gives its particular brand of drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Generic Equivalents

A

Drugs produced or marketed by companies other than the original “brand” developer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When a company develops a new drug and has FDA approval, that company has exclusive rights to manufacture this drug for how many years?

A

In the USA it is 20 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

After the length of time it takes to get a new drug on the market (waiting for a patent), approximately how long will the company have exclusive rights to manufacture their drug?

A

About 7-12 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

United States Adopted Names Council (USAN)

A

The body that selects generic drug names

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

World Health Organization (WHO)

A

Checks any USAN council names to make sure the selected name isn’t too similar to another drug name used in another country.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

FDAs Office of Postmarketing Drug Risk Assessment

A

Makes sure that the trade name doesn’t sound like any other trade name and that the trade name doesn’t try to convey what the drug claims to do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Extract

A

A therapeutic agent composed of specially prepared plant or animal parts rather than synthesized chemicals in a laboratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bioequivalence

A

Defined by the FDA as meaning that an equivalent amount of generic drug is absorbed and delivered to the target site within the body compared with the original brant or parent drug (80-125%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nutraceuticals (nutritional supplements)

A

Extracts that are not required to be registered with the FDA - potency of different batches of drug extract may vary. Less expensive, but may not provide a consistent clinical response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

OTC drugs

A

Drugs available for anyone to purchase without a prescription from a doctor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

List 3 Veterinary OTC drugs

A
  • Vitamins
  • Flea products for use on the surface of the skin
  • Dietary supplements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Legend Drugs

A

Contain ingredients that require greater control of dispensing either because of their toxic effects, potential to be abused or diverted as an illegal substance, or the potential to do harm to the patient or person handling the drug. Limited to dispensing by or upon the order of a licensed prescriber (Vet or Physician)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Veterinary Client Patient Relationship (VCPR)

A

Legally meaning that the Veterinarian has examined or has adequate medical knowledge of the patient and has agreed to resume responsibility for Veterinary care of the patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Dosage Form

A

The description of its physical appearance (typically included in the description and label of the drug)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Name the 3 dosage forms

A

Solid, Liquid, Semisolid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Name 2 solid dosage form examples

A

Tablets, capsules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Name 2 liquid dosage forms

A

Syrups, suspensions, liniments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Name 2 semisolid dosage forms

A

Gels, ointments, creams, pastes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Tablets

A

Created by compressing powdered active ingredients and other inert ingredients together to form disc-shaped dosage forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Excipients

A

Inert ingredients added to active ingredients that help the tablet perform as it is intended (binders, disintegrants, diluents, flavors, colors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

True or False: Tablets are the same as pills

A

FALSE.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Caplet

A

Solid tablets pressed into an oblong/elongated dosage form roughly similar in shape to a capsule (the elongated form is to facilitate swallowing)

30
Q

Molded Tablets

A

Active ingredient drug in a powdered for mixed with lactulose, sucrose, or dextrose and a flavoring agent to encourage the patient to chew the soft tablet

31
Q

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

A

Has responsibility for pesticides as part of its charge to protect the environment

32
Q

Enteric Coating

A

Designed to protect the active ingredient from the harsh acidic environment of the stomach by not allowing the tablet to dissolve until it reaches the more alkaline environment of the small intestine

33
Q

Controlled Release Coatings/Sustained Release Drugs

A

Slow the rate at which the tablet dissolves as the tablet moves along the intestinal tract

34
Q

A medium-sized dogs GI tract is around _______ feet

A

13 feet long

35
Q

A cats GI tract is typically between ___ to ___ feet long

A

5 to 6 feet long

36
Q

The average human GI tract is ______ feet long

A

22 feet long

37
Q

Capsules/Gel Caps

A

Powdered drug surrounded by a capsule made of gelatin, modified starch, or cellulose

38
Q

Lozenge/Troche

A

Incorporates the drug into a hard, candy-like tablet like those found in human cough drops

39
Q

Suppositories

A

Dosage forms designed to be placed in the rectum where they dissolve and release drug, which is then absorbed across the intestinal wall of the rectum

40
Q

Solution

A

A drug completely dissolved in a clear liquid medium

41
Q

Liquid medium (in a solution)

A

Water, alcohol, or other liquid into which the drug is capable of dissolving (equivalent in chemistry to the solvent)

42
Q

Suspensions

A

Cloudy, opaque liquids in which the drug has been suspended in the liquid medium but has not been completely dissolved

43
Q

Aqueous Solution

A

Has a water medium in which the drug has been dissolved

44
Q

Soluble

A

Able to be dissolved

45
Q

Syrups

A

Drugs dissolved in a liquid sugar solution (designed to mask the unpleasant taste of the active ingredient and to act as a preservative)

46
Q

Xylitol

A

An artificial sweetener, if ingested by dogs, causes a massive release of insulin, which causes a hypoglycemic crisis or damages the liver, possibly resulting in death.

47
Q

Tinctures/Elixirs

A

Alcohol-based solutions used for oral or topical application

48
Q

Insoluble

A

Unable to be dissolved in water (many drugs are insoluble)

49
Q

Emulsion

A

A liquid suspension composed of two liquids that do not readily mix together (one liquid is suspended in a second liquid)

50
Q

Lotions

A

Emulsions of oil and water plus additional ingredients that help keep the two liquid layers from separating

51
Q

Liniments

A

Always applied topically to the skin - can be liquid dosage forms that may be an emulsion, a solution, or a suspension

52
Q

Ointments/Creams

A

Can be either suspensions or solutions that liquefy at body temperatures when applied topically to the skin, eye, ear, or mucous membranes

53
Q

Gels

A

Drugs suspended in a semisolid or jelly-like form

54
Q

Repository/depot forms

A

Injectables formulated to allow slow absorption of the drug from the administration site, providing more sustained drug concentrations in the body over time

55
Q

Drug insert/ package insert

A

Most accurate manufacturers drug information for a particular product, including the most recent changes in the drug formulation, dosages, or warnings/precautions

56
Q

Extra Label drug use (ELDU) / Off-label

A

Using the drug in a manner other than the FDA approved dose, route of administration, disease/condition, or species listed on the drug label

57
Q

Withdrawal period/ time

A

The time between the last dose and when the animal can be slaughtered for meat or food products such as eggs or milk can be used

58
Q

What does AMDUCA stand for?

A

Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act of 1994

59
Q

United States Pharmacopeia (USP)

A

A nongovernmental organization that sets the standards for drug manufacturing quality, purity, and consistency for any drugs sold in the US

60
Q

Controlled Substance / Schedule Drug

A

Classification of the abuse potential for these drugs.

61
Q

Active ingredient

A

The part of the drug that produces the intended beneficial effect

62
Q

Inert Ingredients

A

Preservatives, stabilizers, liquid media, or other additives that make up the dosage form, should also be listed in the composition statement

63
Q

Indication

A

The approved reason for which the drug can be used

64
Q

Side effect

A

Any effect of the drug other than its intended beneficial effect that occurs when the drug concentrations are within the normal therapeutic range

65
Q

ADR (Adverse Reaction)

A

Any unwanted patient response to the chemical or physical properties of the drug

66
Q

Boxed warning

A

A drug that has a history of a particularly risky side effect, the drug may also have a separate section surrounded by a black box on the specific adverse reactions

67
Q

Precautions

A

Describes mild adverse reactions, some predictable change in clinical state or the patient’s condition, or some other effect that typically doesn’t require medical intervention

68
Q

Warnings

A

More serious or frequent side effects than those found in the precautions section and constitute adverse drug effects that could potentially do significant harm to the patient

69
Q

Black Box Warning

A

Strongest warning the FDA caN require a drug manufacturer to include in their drug information

70
Q

Contraindications

A

Circumstances or conditions in which the drug should not be used

Pharmacology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions