Chapter 2 Part 2 Flashcards
Epigenesis
The emergence of new structures and functions in the course of development.
Gametes
Reproductive cells, egg and sperm that contain half the genetic material over all other cells in the body
Meiosis
Cell division that produces gametes
Conception
The union of an egg from the mother and a sperm from the father
Zygote
A fertilized egg cell
Embryo
The name given to the developing organism from week 3 to week 8 of prenatal development
Fetus
The name given to the developing fetus from week 9 to birth
Mitosis
Cell division resulting in two identical daughter cells
Embryonic Stem Cells
Embryonic cells that can develop into any type of cell
Apoptosis
Genetically programmed cell death
Identical Twins
Twins that result from the splitting in half of the zygote, resulting in each of the two resulting zygotes having the same set of genes
Fraternal Twins
Twins that result when two eggs happened to be released into the Fallopian tube at the same time and are fertilized by two different sperm
Neural Tube
A groove formed in the top layer of differentiated cells in the embryo that eventually become the brain and spinal cord
Amniotic Sac
A fluid filled membrane that surrounds and protects the fetus
Placenta
A support organ for the fetus keeping the circulatory systems of the mother and fetus separate
Umbilical Cord
A tube containing the blood vessels connecting the fetus and placenta
Cephalocaudal Development
The pattern of growth in which areas near the head develop earlier than areas far from the head
Habituation
A simple form of learning that involves a decrease in response to repeated or continued stimulation
Dishabituation
The introduction of a new stimulus rekindles interest habituation to a repeated stimulus
Phylogenetic Continuity
The idea because of evolution, humans share many characteristics, behaviors, and developmental processes with other animals
Teratogen
An external agent that can cause damage or death during prenatal development
Sensitive Period
The period of time during which a developing organism is most sensitive to the effects of external factors
Dose Response Relation
Relation in which the effect of an exposure to an element increases with the extent of exposure
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
The sudden unexpected death of an infant less than 1 year old with no identifiable cause
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
The effects of maternal alcohol consumption on a developing fetus. Facial deformities and mental retardation are some of the effects
State
Level of arousal and engagement in the environment
Rapid Eye Movement
An active sleep state characterized by jerky eye movements under closed lids and dreaming in adults
Non-REM Sleep
A quiet or deep sleep state characterized by the absence of motor activity or eye movements and regular brain waves, breathing, and heart rate
Swaddling
A soothing technique, used in many cultures, that involves wrapping a baby tightly in a blanket or cloth
Colic
Excess crying by an infant for no reason
Infant Mortality
Death during the first year after birth
Low Birth Weight
A weight of less than 5.5 pounds
Premature
Any child born at 37 weeks or earlier
Small for Gestational Age
Babies who weigh less than normal
Developmental Resilience
Successful developmental in spite of multiple developmental hazards
