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Elsevier Review Questions > Chapter 2 Part 1 - Mycology and Virology > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Part 1 - Mycology and Virology Flashcards

1
Q

the process of reproduction in yeast that begins with a weakening and outpouching of the yeast cell wall and then formation of a cell wall septum between the mother and daughter yeast cells. Presence of Bud scar on the surface of the mother cell

A

budding

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2
Q

The loose intertwined network of basic structural units of the molds (matlike structure) that penetrates the substrate from which it obtains the necessary nutrients for growth is called?

A

Mycelium

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3
Q

The presence of pigmentation within the hyphae or the spores

A

Hyaline molds

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4
Q

Large, usually multiseptate and club-shaped or spindle-shaped spores

A

Macroconidia

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5
Q

small, nonseptate teardrop-shaped spores

A

Microconidia

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6
Q

A scotch tape preparation is made from a mold growing on solid media presenting a CONIDIOPHORE is an isolate of

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

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7
Q

Organism from a Skin scraping grows on SDA agar with a light-tan front and salmon colored reverse. Microscopically it produces rare distorted macroconidia and rare microconidia. there was no growth on sterile rice media

A

Microsporum audouinii

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8
Q

KOH: large, spherical, thick-walled yeast cells, usually with a single bud that is connected to the parent cell by a Broad Base

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

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9
Q

A key characteristic of Coccidioides immitis

A

Prdouces endosporulating spherules in tissue

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10
Q

PAS stain was used in a respiratory specimen from a px with lung disease. Based on the microscopic morphology, , the dimorphic fungi, large, soherical, thick walled, showing a broad-based budding is what organism

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

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11
Q

A landscaper noticed a hard, unmovable lump under the skin of his index finger which developed further up the wrist and forearm. A histologic stain showed elongated yeast cells resembling cigars. This disease is called

A

Sporotichosis

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12
Q

This organism is a soil saprobe and a thermal dimorph. It’s often associatied with occupational risk and referred to as Rose Gardeners Disease. Its disease involves chronic cutaneous and subcutaneous mycosis characterized by ulcers and abscesses along lymphatic channels

A

Sporothrix schenckii

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13
Q

Germ tube (-)
Urease (-)
Dextrose, maltose or sucrose (-)
CMT agar morphology showed blastoconidia only

A

Torulopsis glabrata

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14
Q

A key characteristic by which an unknown Cryptococcus spp. can be identified as Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Positive niger seed agar test

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15
Q

True or False: Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis can be used as positive and negative controls, respectively

A

True

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16
Q

An immunocompromised patient exhibited fever, nonproductive cough, and shortness of breath. the respiratory specimen was stained with Grocott’s methenamine silver stain and showed “cups and saucers” or “deflated balls” morpphology. What organism is this?

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

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17
Q

Yeast cell exhibited:
Clusters of blastoconidia along pseudohyphae, terminal chlamydoconidia
Germ tube (+)
Sucrose (+)

A

Candida albicans

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18
Q

It is responsible for tinea Versicolor and catheter-related infections in patients on long-term intravenous lipids. Macroscopically, the organism appears as cream/brown wrinkled colonies that grow better in the presence of oil. Microscopically, it grows as yeastlike cells, often with distinct cigarettes.

A

Malassezia furfur

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19
Q

Conidiation of dematiaceous fungi that resembles a tree, in which conidiophoe is trunk and branched chains of conidia form the branches

A

Cladosporium

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20
Q

Conidiation of dematiaceous fungi that resembles short conidiophores plus phialide, vase-shaped conidia extruded from phialide and then clustered

A

Phialophore

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21
Q

Conidiation of dematiaceous fungi that resembles stalked conidiophores that become knobby as conidia. Conidia are produced sequentially until a Cladosporium-type conidiation is reached.

A

Rhinocladiella type

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22
Q

A mold isolated in the lab displays a white cottony macroscopic morphology. Microscopically, hyalin, septate hyphae, and “toothbrush”-like conidiophores are seen

A

Acremonium sp.

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23
Q

A mold is isolated in the lab that displays a velvety, gray-green colony morphology. Microscopically, flask-shaped conidiophores arranged in a brushlike formation are seen

A

Penicillium sp.

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24
Q

The organism from a patient with systemic fungemia has grown from the blood cultures macroscopicallly and showed blue-green color to to the colony. Microscopically, Foot cells were seen and the phialides were uniserate with a round vesicle and columnar conidia

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

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25
Q

The protein that surrounds the nucleic acid of a virion is called?

A

Capsid

26
Q

During viral assembly, how are viral envelopes acquired?

A

As the virion buds from a host cell membrane

27
Q

Infectious protein with no associated nucleic acid

A

Prions

28
Q

The viral nucleocapsid always contains ___ _____

A

viral genome

29
Q

Whic virus is thought to predominately cause gastroenteritis

A

Noroviruses

30
Q

Which group contains the SARS virus

A

Coronavirus

31
Q

Virus described as:
ssRNA, enveloped,
Pleomorphic/spherical capsid
Large club-shaped spikes on surface gives “corona” effect
Causes approximately 15% of coldlike illness

A

Coronaviruses

32
Q

Specimen of choice for detecting Rotavirus

A

Feces Sample

33
Q

Test of choice and most sensitive assay for use with CSF to diagnose asepctic meningitis caused by enterovirus

A

PCr

34
Q

A specimen from a genital lesion was inoculated into a standard set of cells for virus isolation. Typical fibroblastic cell line was seen showing the rapid development of foci of rounding and degenerating cells. this is typical of what virus

A

Herpes simplex virus

35
Q

Trophozoite forms of amoebae are found in what type od stool specimen?

A

Watery

36
Q

Which preservation method is most suitable and most widely used for subsequent fixed smear preparation

A

PVA

37
Q

If the ova of this parasite are ingested by humans, the oncosphere form can migrate through the body via the bloodstream, resulting in the condition known as cysticercosis

A

Taenia solium

38
Q

Ova recovered from the stool are routinely used to diagnose infections caused by all of the ff except

A

Necator americanus, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis

Strongyloides stercoralis - rhabditiform larval stage is the primary diagnostic stage for strongyloidiasis

39
Q

Which parasites have migration through the lungs as part of their lifecycle

A

Necator, Ancylostoma, Strongyloides

40
Q

An E. coli cyst was found on a wet mount of a fresh stool specimen. What should be done next?

A

Examine the remaining area of the wet preparation

41
Q

Taken from a corneal scraping, the parasite appeared as a wrinkled, double-walled cyst and are known to cause corneal keratitis

A

Acanthamoeba sp.

42
Q

Whipworm appearance of the adult larva. The male adult larva of this parasite has a curved tail

A

Trichuris trichiura

43
Q

Eggs recovered in the urine specimen posses a large terminal spine. What organism is this?

A

Schistosoma haematobium

44
Q

A patient involved un a sheep herding operation was diagnosed with cysts in his liver. The adult parasite was passed by his dog and it has a scolex and three proglottids

A

Echinococcus granulosus

45
Q

These trophozoites were found in a trichrome-stained slide of a stool sample, it has one nuclei with an eccentric karyosome and irregular peripheral chromatin, vacuolated cytoplasm, and broad pesudopods

A

Entamoeba coli

46
Q

An ovoid cyst recovered in a stool sample of a child with diarrhea shows 2-4 nuclei, 2-4 median bodies, and a smooth wall

A

Giardia lamblia

47
Q

A round cyst was found in a human fecal smear (from a Px with diarrhea and bloody stool) and it contained 4 nuclei, a rounded chromatin bar

A

Entamoeba histolytica

48
Q

Parasite with RBC enlarged, oval, Schuffner’s dots, gametocytes seen by day 4-18

A

Plasmodium ovale

49
Q

Parasite with Large RBC, trophozoite irregular, multiple phases seen, gametocytes appear early

A

Plasmodium vivax

50
Q

Parasite with delicate ring forms, multiple rings per cell, crescent-shaped gametocytes after 7-10 days

A

Plasmodium falciparum

51
Q

Parasite with RBC normal in size and color, trophozoite compact, band forms may be seen, gametocytes seen after weeks

A

Plasmodium malariae

52
Q

It is a Microfilariae found in the blood that have a sheath, demonstrate nocturnal periodicity and exhibit nuclei that do not extend to the tail tip

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

53
Q

Its rhabditiform larvae has a long buccal cavity and a small genital primordium.

A

Necator americanus

54
Q

Its rhabditiform larvae has a short buccal cavity and a prominent genital primordium. Its filariform larvae has a notched tail

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

55
Q

A parasite recovered from a fecal smear of a Px with diarrhea shows a large vacuole in the center surrounded by a thin rim of cytoplasm with 2-6 small nuceli that generally stains a teal color with the Trichrome stain.

A

Blastocystis hominis

56
Q

Scientific name of the organism causing body louse

A

P. humanus humanus

57
Q

Scientific name of the organism causing Bedbug

A

Cimex lectularius

58
Q

Scientific name of the organism causing scabies

A

Sarcoptes scabei

59
Q

Scientific name of the organism causing Lyme disease

A

Ixodes scapularis

60
Q

The only known human tapeworm with an opeculum

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

61
Q

These spp. are hemoflagellates that can be identified in PBS as a trypomastigote form assuming a C, S, U shape in blood. Each is characterized by a central nucleus, a posterior kinetoplast, and a full body undulating membrane

A

Trypanoaoma spp.

Elsevier Review Questions (2 decks)

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