Chapter 2 - Organization of the Body Flashcards
Individual units found in all parts of the human body
cells
Similar cells grouped together to do a specific job
tissues
tructures composed of several kinds of tissue
organs
Groups of organs working together to perform complex functions
systems
Heart, blood, and blood vessels
circulatory system
Brings food into the body and breaks it down so it can enter the bloodstream
digestive system
Composed of glands; sends chemical messengers called hormones into the blood
endocrine system
Produce the cells that join to form the embryo
female and male reproductive system
including muscles, bones, joints, and connective tissues; supports the body and allows it to move
Musculoskeletal System
Carries electrical messages to and from the brain and spinal cord
nervous system
Controls breathing, a process in which air enters and leaves the body
respiratory system
Including the skin and eyes and ears; receives messages from the environment and sends them to the brain
skin and sense organ system
Produces urine and sends it out of the body through the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
urinary system
Organs include brain
cranial cavity
Organs include lungs and heart
thoracic cavity
Organs include stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, and pancreas
abdominal cavity
Organs include the urinary bladder, ureters, urethra, rectum and anus, and the uterus
pelvic cavity
Spinal column and nerves of the spinal cord
spinal cavity
diaphragm
muscle that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities
mediastinum
space between the lungs
pelvis
bones of the hip
peritoneum
double membrane that cover the abdomen
pleura
double membrane that surrounds the lungs
A vertical plane that divides the body or body part, such as an organ, into front and back portions
frontal (coronal) plane
- Another type of vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides
- The midsagittal plane divides the body vertically into right and left halves.
sagittal (lateral) plane
A horizontal plane that divides the body or organ into upper and lower portions, as in a cross-section
transverse (axial) plane
abdomin/o
abdomen
anter/o
front
bronch/o
bronchial tubes
cervic/o
neck of the body of neck of the uterus
chondr/o
cartilage
coccyg/o
coccyx, tailbone
crani/o
skull
epitheli/o
skin, surface tissue
esophag/o
esophagus
hepat/o
liver
lapar/o
abdomen
laryng/o
larynx (voice box)
later/o
side
lumb/o
loin or waist
lymph/o
lymph (clear fluid in tissue spaces and lymph vessels)
mediastin/o
mediastinum
pelv/o
pelvis
peritone/o
peritoneum
pharyng/o
pharynx
pleur/o
pleura
poster/o
back, behind
sacr/o
sacrum
spin/o
spine
thorac/o
chest
trache/o
trachea (windpipe)
vertebr/o
vertebra (backbone)
female endocrine organ
ovary
space below the diaphragm
abdomen
pertaining to the chest
thoracic
procedure necessary for brain surgery; incision of the skull
craniotomy
radi/o
x-rays
produces urine and sends it out of the body
urinary
secretes hormones that are carried by blood to other organs
endocrine
supports the body and helps it move
musculoskeletal
takes food into the body and breaks it down to be absorbed into the bloodstream
digestive
transports blood containing nutrients, gases, and other substances through the body
circulatory
moves air into and out of the body
respiratory
produces the cells that unite to form a new baby
reproductive
receives messages from the environment and sends them to the brain
skin and sense organs
carries electrical messages to and from the brain and spinal cord
nervous
space located within the bones of the hip
pelvic (urinary, bladder, uterus)
space located within the skull
cranial (brain
space located within the abdomen
abdominal (stomach)
space located within the backbones
spinal (spinal cord)
space located within the chest
thoracic (lungs, heart)
the muscle separating the chest and the abdomen is the
diaphragm
the membrane surrounding the organs in the abdomen is the
peritoneum
the membrane surrounding the lungs is the
pleura
the space between the lungs in the chest is the
mediastinum
the space that contains organs such as the stomach, liver, gallbladder, and intestines is the
abdomen
the backbones are the
spinal column
the nerves running down the back form the
spinal cord
a single backbone is a
vertebra
a piece of cartilage in between two backbones is a
disk (disc)
5 divisions of the spinal column from the neck to the tailbone
- cervical
- thoracic
- lumbar
- sacral
- coccygael
pertaining to the back
posterior
pertaining to the front
anteior
an imaging study that uses magnetic waves; all three planes of the body are viewed
MRI
flexible connective tissue found between bones at joints
cartilage
series of cross-sectional x-ray images
CT scan
pertaining to the mediastinum (the space between the lungs)
mediastinal
incision of the trachea
tracheotomy
pertaining to the neck of the body, or neck of the uterus
cerivcal
lymph cell
lymphocyte
pertaining to the side
lateral
visual examination of bronchial tubes using an endoscope
bronchoscopy
malignant tumor of cartilage
chondrosarcoma
study of x-rays
radiology
pertaining to the tailbone
coccygael
pertaining to skin cells
epithelial
pertaining to the tube from the throat to stomach
esophogael
visual examination of the abdomen
laparoscopy
incision of the abdomen
laparotomy
pertaining to the voice box
laryngael
pertaining to the loin region below the thoracic vertebrae
lumbar
pertaining to the throat
pharyngael
inflammation of the membrane surrounding the lungs
pleuritis
pertaining to the sacrum
sacral
incision of the chest
thoractomy
pertaining to backbones
vertebral
benign tumor of cartilagge
chondroma
malignant tumor of cartilage
chondrosarcoma
one of two tubes that lead from the kidney to the urinary bladder
ureter
