Chapter 2- Organization Of Life Start Through Plants Flashcards
1.
What is Taxonomy and how does it work?
- Science of Classification
- organisms are classified into taxa based on common characteristics
ex.
prokaryotes: no membrane atoms around the nucleus
Eukaryotes: Has a membrane around the Nucleus
2.
List the various levels of Linnaeus’ classification system in order from most specific to least specific
- A method used to organize organism according to similar characteristics
Classification
- kingdom
- Phyium
- class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- species ( never capitalized)
4. of an organisms scientific name. Which of the options below have the most traits in common? How do you know? a. Lynx Rufus b. Panthera onca c. Loxodonta africana d. Panthera uncia
b and d because there genus both end with thera
- Binomial nomenclature includes what two parts of an organisms scientific name.
- used to name species. Has a combination of the genes (capitalized) and specific epithet (lower case)
5.
What are the three domains?
- Archaea
- Eukarya
- Bacteria
- Which domain(s) consist of:
a. prokaryotes?
b. eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes:
bacteria, Archaea
Eukaryotes:
Eukarya
7.
Be able to describe what is happening in a cladogram. (Look at pic)
Know
8.
What are the 6 kingdoms?
- Eubacteria
- no membrane around
Nucleus
- more moderate environments
- Unicellular - Archaebacteria
- harsh environments
- no Nuclear membrane
- Unicellular - Protista
- live in Amoeba & paramecium
- most Unicellular
-very diff from one another - Fungi
- mushrooms, yeast
- most multicellular some Uni
- get energy from food outside of them and absorb nutrients
- have hyphae - Plantae
- Moses, ferns
- multicellular - Anmalia
- fishes, insects, mammals
-no cell wall
-they move
- eat there food
- Multicellular
- use photosynthesis
-have cell wall
- don’t move
10.
Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Prokaryote: - No membrane - Unicellular -don’t have a lot of organelles - mass of DNA Eukaryotes: - membrane around Nucleus -have lots of organelles - strands of DNA
Both do cell division to reproduce and have a cell membrane and cytoplasm
11.
Compare heterotrophs and autotrophs
Heterotrophs:
obtain food from environment
Autographs:
Makes own food through intercellular chemical processes
12.
Describe the two main methods bacteria use to reproduce
Asexual:
Produces offspring that is genetically identical to the parent. No egg and sperm meet
Conjugation:
Similar to sexual reproduction
Exchange of genetic info between them
13.
What are the 3 shapes of eubacteria? Be able to recognize them from diagrams.
- Spirilla (spiral)
- Bacilli (vod)
- Cocci (spherical)
Ex. Chlamydias
14.
Go over the parts of a bacteria so you can label it
Bacteria diagram
15.
What are 3 of the major differences between Eubacteria and Archaebacteria?
- composition of the cell walls
- lipids in the plasma membranes
- structure and function of the genes
16.
Where can Archaebacteria be found?
In harsh environments (hot springs)
Ex. Halophiles
17.
Go get the cell organelles and their function
On page
18.
Be able to label the parts of a typical plant and animal cell
On page
19.
Be able to recognize a typical plant and animal cell
Plant cell is square
Animal cell is oval
- The kingdom Protista is composed of organisms that are very similar. Agree or disagree
Disagree. Some organisms were multicellular Ex. Kelp
some were Unicellular such as Ameaba
- What is a dichotomous key?
Dichotomous key:
Method to group organisms according to similar characteristics
22.
Be able to use and make a dichotomous key
Know
23.
What were some things you noticed about Protists when you made the dichotomous key?
- they are all very different, some were Unicellular while other multi
- some live in harsh environments
- some make there own energy
- The kingdom Fungi is defined as a separate group based on the fact that the organisms in it are multicellular. Agee or disagree
Disagree. Not all fungi are multicellular but are a separate group because they all obtain food by digesting it outside there bodies and absorbing the nutrients
Yeast is Unicellular
25.
Compare hyphae and mycelium
Hyphae:
Part of the fungus that feeds, grows, and may produce a mushroom or other kind of reproductive structure
Mycelium: vegetative part of a fungus, consists of a mass of branching, thread like hyphae. Forms the body of the fungi
26.
Fungi are further classified based on _________
Rhizopus
27.
Name each of the groups of fungi and describe a significant characteristics that puts them in each group
zygote fungi:
- hyphae from 2 diff organisms meet and make a zygote (bebe(
Club fungi:
- have basida which are a club shaped structure they contain spores. Ex mushrooms
Sac fungi:
- have a ascus which is a sac like structure that produces spores
Lichens:
- dual organisms that have a fungus and a bacteria or protist that are dependent o. One another for survival
28.
Why are fungi and bacteria important?
- decomposers
- used in medicine (bacteria)
- some are used in food
29.
What is a major defining point about the kingdom plantae?
They are photosynthetic
30.
Define photosynthesis
Photosynthesis;
Process of converting light to energy to chemical energy and storing it in the bonds of sugar. Occurs in plants and some algae (Protista) uses chlorophyll
31.
Describe the products and reactants of photosynthesis within the light reaction and the Calvin cycle
Calvin cycle Reactants: Co2, ATP, NADPH Products: NADP and ADP and glucose Light reaction Reactants: Water and sunlight energy Products: NADPH, oxygen and ATP
Look at picture
- Briefly describe what happens in the light reaction and the Calvin cycle.
Light reaction:
- Occurs in the chloroplasts’ thylakoid membrane (inner membrane)
- photosystem 1:
Electrons are passed through a chain of acceptor molecules and are used to turn NADP+ into NAPH (this goes to Calvin cycle)
- Some electrons return to PSI to be used again
Photosystem 2:
Electrons go to photosystem 1 and water is broken down to replace the electrons in PS2. ATP ( energy molecule) and Oxygen are produced
The Calvin Cycle
- Occurs in the stroma (fluid in chloroplast)
- Carbon dioxide combines with ribulose biphosphate to creat a 6-carbon sugar, which quickly becomes two 3-carbon sugars
-Some PGAL is used to form glucose
- Some PGAL is changed to ribulose biphosphate (using ATP so cycle continues)
- Requires 6 carbon dioxide molecules going into the cycle to make 1 glucose molecule
-Oxygen is created
Look at graph
33.
What are the two main groups for plants?
- Non Vascular plants
2. Vascular plants
34.
What are a couple of main differences between the different groups of plants?
Non Vascular: are shorter, use diffusion, transport material, need to be in wet environments
Vascular: can be tall, don’t have to be in wet environments, have Xylem and Phloem
35.
What does alternation of generations in plants mean?
Means they go from a sexual stage to a Asexual stage
Sexual: gametes, haploids
Asexual: diploids
36.
Compare the gametophyte and sporophyte generation
Gametophyte: Develops gametes that join to produce a smaller organism that grows No capsule Sporophyte: Developes spores Asexually Have capsule
37.
Compare Xylem and the phloem
Xylem: A transport tissue that carries water and nutrients from the root system to the rest of the plant Brings stuff up from roots Water Phloem: A transport tissue that carries organic molecules like glucose to other areas of the plant Will bring things around the plant Glucose
38.
How are the xylem and the phloem arranged in the stems of monocots and dicots?
Xylem: inside
Phloem: outside
Dicot: go around the outer area of the stem
Monocots: go throughout
39.
How can you determine whether a moss is in the gametophyte or sporophyte generation?
Sporophyte has a capsule
Gametophyte don’t
40.
Compare the location of the sporangia in simple vascular plants and ferns
Vascular plants:
Sporangia is located in a club like structure on top
Ferns:
Located in clusters on the underside of the fern
41.
Compare gymnosperms and angiosperms
Gymnosperms: Conifers (cone trees) Have a seed that is exposed to the world naked seed Green all year Have needles Angiosperms: Flowering plants Seed is contained in a shell or something non naked seed Dischetous trees (have leaves)
42.
Which group consists of monocots and dicots?
Angiosperms
Monocots:
Parallel, flowers will have 6 petals
One leave when first sprouts
Dicots:
non parallel, flowers 4-5 petals
Two leaves when first sprouts
- Cell organelles and their functions:
Cell walls
Found in:
plants, prokaryotes
Maintains the shape of the cell and is a protective barrier
44.
Chloroplasts:
Uses energy from sunlight to form glucose
Plants, some Protists
45.
Nucleus
All Eukaryotes
Contains DNA
46.
Ribosomes:
All cells
Build proteins through translation
47.
Mitochondria
All eukaryotes
Converts glucose into energy (ATP). Cellular respiration
48.
Cell membrane
All cells
Controls what moves in and out of the cell
49.
Cytoplasm
All cells
Fluid in the cell
50.
Vacuole
All Eukaryotes
Membrane bound sac filled with food, water, etc
51.
Large Central Vacuole
Membrane bound sac filled with substance that helps maintain rigidity of the cell
Plants
Golgi body
All Eukaryotes
Receives product from ER and sorts and sends the products out
53.
Lysosomes
All Eukaryotes
A membrane bound sac containing enzymes so large molecules can be broken down
54.
Rough endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
All Eukaryotes
Folded membrane system covered in ribosomes. Help to fold proteins
55.
Smooth ER
All Eukaryotes
Folded membrane system that puts lipids together
56.
Microtubules and Microfilaments
All Eukaryotes
Tubes that provide internal structure and allow for movement of the cell. An anchoring place for other organelles. Important for cell division
Test
13 marks of matching
31 marks in short answers
