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Biology 30 > Chapter 2- Organization Of Life Start Through Plants > Flashcards

Chapter 2- Organization Of Life Start Through Plants Flashcards

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1
Q

1.

What is Taxonomy and how does it work?

A
  • Science of Classification
  • organisms are classified into taxa based on common characteristics
    ex.
    prokaryotes: no membrane atoms around the nucleus
    Eukaryotes: Has a membrane around the Nucleus
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2
Q

2.

List the various levels of Linnaeus’ classification system in order from most specific to least specific

A
  • A method used to organize organism according to similar characteristics

Classification

  1. kingdom
  2. Phyium
  3. class
  4. Order
  5. Family
  6. Genus
  7. species ( never capitalized)
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3
Q 
4.
of an organisms scientific name. Which of the options below have the most traits in common? How do you know? 
a. Lynx Rufus 
b. Panthera onca 
c. Loxodonta africana 
d. Panthera uncia
A

b and d because there genus both end with thera

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4
Q
  1. Binomial nomenclature includes what two parts of an organisms scientific name.
A
  • used to name species. Has a combination of the genes (capitalized) and specific epithet (lower case)
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5
Q

5.

What are the three domains?

A
  • Archaea
  • Eukarya
  • Bacteria
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6
Q
  1. Which domain(s) consist of:
    a. prokaryotes?
    b. eukaryotes?
A

Prokaryotes:
bacteria, Archaea

Eukaryotes:
Eukarya

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7
Q

7.

Be able to describe what is happening in a cladogram. (Look at pic)

A

Know

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8
Q

8.

What are the 6 kingdoms?

A
  1. Eubacteria
    - no membrane around
    Nucleus
    - more moderate environments
    - Unicellular
  2. Archaebacteria
    - harsh environments
    - no Nuclear membrane
    - Unicellular
  3. Protista
    - live in Amoeba & paramecium
    - most Unicellular
    -very diff from one another
  4. Fungi
    - mushrooms, yeast
    - most multicellular some Uni
    - get energy from food outside of them and absorb nutrients
    - have hyphae
  5. Plantae
    - Moses, ferns
    - multicellular
  6. Anmalia
    - fishes, insects, mammals
    -no cell wall
    -they move
    - eat there food
    - Multicellular
    - use photosynthesis
    -have cell wall
    - don’t move
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9
Q

10.

Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic

A 
Prokaryote:
- No membrane 
- Unicellular 
-don’t have a lot of organelles 
- mass of DNA
Eukaryotes: 
- membrane around Nucleus
-have lots of organelles 
- strands of DNA

Both do cell division to reproduce and have a cell membrane and cytoplasm

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10
Q

11.

Compare heterotrophs and autotrophs

A

Heterotrophs:
obtain food from environment

Autographs:
Makes own food through intercellular chemical processes

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11
Q

12.

Describe the two main methods bacteria use to reproduce

A

Asexual:
Produces offspring that is genetically identical to the parent. No egg and sperm meet

Conjugation:
Similar to sexual reproduction
Exchange of genetic info between them

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12
Q

13.

What are the 3 shapes of eubacteria? Be able to recognize them from diagrams.

A
  • Spirilla (spiral)
  • Bacilli (vod)
  • Cocci (spherical)

Ex. Chlamydias

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13
Q

14.

Go over the parts of a bacteria so you can label it

A

Bacteria diagram

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14
Q

15.

What are 3 of the major differences between Eubacteria and Archaebacteria?

A
  • composition of the cell walls
  • lipids in the plasma membranes
  • structure and function of the genes
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15
Q

16.

Where can Archaebacteria be found?

A

In harsh environments (hot springs)

Ex. Halophiles

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16
Q

17.

Go get the cell organelles and their function

A

On page

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17
Q

18.

Be able to label the parts of a typical plant and animal cell

A

On page

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18
Q

19.

Be able to recognize a typical plant and animal cell

A

Plant cell is square

Animal cell is oval

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19
Q
  1. The kingdom Protista is composed of organisms that are very similar. Agree or disagree
A

Disagree. Some organisms were multicellular Ex. Kelp

some were Unicellular such as Ameaba

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20
Q
  1. What is a dichotomous key?
A

Dichotomous key:

Method to group organisms according to similar characteristics

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21
Q

22.

Be able to use and make a dichotomous key

A

Know

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22
Q

23.

What were some things you noticed about Protists when you made the dichotomous key?

A
  • they are all very different, some were Unicellular while other multi
  • some live in harsh environments
  • some make there own energy
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23
Q
  1. The kingdom Fungi is defined as a separate group based on the fact that the organisms in it are multicellular. Agee or disagree
A

Disagree. Not all fungi are multicellular but are a separate group because they all obtain food by digesting it outside there bodies and absorbing the nutrients

Yeast is Unicellular

24
Q

25.

Compare hyphae and mycelium

A

Hyphae:
Part of the fungus that feeds, grows, and may produce a mushroom or other kind of reproductive structure

Mycelium: vegetative part of a fungus, consists of a mass of branching, thread like hyphae. Forms the body of the fungi

25
Q

26.

Fungi are further classified based on _________

A

Rhizopus

26
Q

27.

Name each of the groups of fungi and describe a significant characteristics that puts them in each group

A

zygote fungi:
- hyphae from 2 diff organisms meet and make a zygote (bebe(

Club fungi:
- have basida which are a club shaped structure they contain spores. Ex mushrooms

Sac fungi:
- have a ascus which is a sac like structure that produces spores

Lichens:
- dual organisms that have a fungus and a bacteria or protist that are dependent o. One another for survival

27
Q

28.

Why are fungi and bacteria important?

A
  • decomposers
  • used in medicine (bacteria)
  • some are used in food
28
Q

29.

What is a major defining point about the kingdom plantae?

A

They are photosynthetic

29
Q

30.

Define photosynthesis

A

Photosynthesis;
Process of converting light to energy to chemical energy and storing it in the bonds of sugar. Occurs in plants and some algae (Protista) uses chlorophyll

30
Q

31.

Describe the products and reactants of photosynthesis within the light reaction and the Calvin cycle

A 
Calvin cycle 
Reactants: 
Co2, ATP, NADPH 
Products: 
NADP and ADP and glucose 
Light reaction 
Reactants: 
Water and sunlight energy 
Products: 
NADPH, oxygen and ATP

Look at picture

31
Q
  1. Briefly describe what happens in the light reaction and the Calvin cycle.
A

Light reaction:
- Occurs in the chloroplasts’ thylakoid membrane (inner membrane)
- photosystem 1:
Electrons are passed through a chain of acceptor molecules and are used to turn NADP+ into NAPH (this goes to Calvin cycle)
- Some electrons return to PSI to be used again

Photosystem 2:
Electrons go to photosystem 1 and water is broken down to replace the electrons in PS2. ATP ( energy molecule) and Oxygen are produced

The Calvin Cycle
- Occurs in the stroma (fluid in chloroplast)
- Carbon dioxide combines with ribulose biphosphate to creat a 6-carbon sugar, which quickly becomes two 3-carbon sugars
-Some PGAL is used to form glucose
- Some PGAL is changed to ribulose biphosphate (using ATP so cycle continues)
- Requires 6 carbon dioxide molecules going into the cycle to make 1 glucose molecule
-Oxygen is created
Look at graph

32
Q

33.

What are the two main groups for plants?

A
  1. Non Vascular plants

2. Vascular plants

33
Q

34.

What are a couple of main differences between the different groups of plants?

A

Non Vascular: are shorter, use diffusion, transport material, need to be in wet environments

Vascular: can be tall, don’t have to be in wet environments, have Xylem and Phloem

34
Q

35.

What does alternation of generations in plants mean?

A

Means they go from a sexual stage to a Asexual stage

Sexual: gametes, haploids
Asexual: diploids

35
Q

36.

Compare the gametophyte and sporophyte generation

A 
Gametophyte:
Develops gametes that join to produce a smaller organism that grows 
No capsule 
Sporophyte: 
Developes spores Asexually 
Have capsule
36
Q

37.

Compare Xylem and the phloem

A 
Xylem:
A transport tissue that carries water and nutrients from the root system to the rest of the plant 
Brings stuff up from roots 
Water 
Phloem: 
A transport tissue that carries organic molecules like glucose to other areas of the plant  
Will bring things around the plant 
Glucose
37
Q

38.

How are the xylem and the phloem arranged in the stems of monocots and dicots?

A

Xylem: inside
Phloem: outside
Dicot: go around the outer area of the stem
Monocots: go throughout

38
Q

39.

How can you determine whether a moss is in the gametophyte or sporophyte generation?

A

Sporophyte has a capsule

Gametophyte don’t

39
Q

40.

Compare the location of the sporangia in simple vascular plants and ferns

A

Vascular plants:
Sporangia is located in a club like structure on top

Ferns:
Located in clusters on the underside of the fern

40
Q

41.

Compare gymnosperms and angiosperms

A 
Gymnosperms: 
Conifers (cone trees)
Have a seed that is exposed to the world naked seed 
Green all year 
Have needles 
Angiosperms: 
Flowering plants 
Seed is contained in a shell or something non naked seed 
Dischetous trees (have leaves)
41
Q

42.

Which group consists of monocots and dicots?

A

Angiosperms

Monocots:
Parallel, flowers will have 6 petals
One leave when first sprouts

Dicots:
non parallel, flowers 4-5 petals
Two leaves when first sprouts

42
Q
  1. Cell organelles and their functions:
    Cell walls
A

Found in:
plants, prokaryotes

Maintains the shape of the cell and is a protective barrier

43
Q

44.

Chloroplasts:

A

Uses energy from sunlight to form glucose

Plants, some Protists

44
Q

45.

Nucleus

A

All Eukaryotes

Contains DNA

45
Q

46.

Ribosomes:

A

All cells

Build proteins through translation

46
Q

47.

Mitochondria

A

All eukaryotes

Converts glucose into energy (ATP). Cellular respiration

47
Q

48.

Cell membrane

A

All cells

Controls what moves in and out of the cell

48
Q

49.

Cytoplasm

A

All cells

Fluid in the cell

49
Q

50.

Vacuole

A

All Eukaryotes

Membrane bound sac filled with food, water, etc

50
Q

51.

Large Central Vacuole

A

Membrane bound sac filled with substance that helps maintain rigidity of the cell

Plants

51
Q

Golgi body

A

All Eukaryotes

Receives product from ER and sorts and sends the products out

52
Q

53.

Lysosomes

A

All Eukaryotes

A membrane bound sac containing enzymes so large molecules can be broken down

53
Q

54.

Rough endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A

All Eukaryotes

Folded membrane system covered in ribosomes. Help to fold proteins

54
Q

55.

Smooth ER

A

All Eukaryotes

Folded membrane system that puts lipids together

55
Q

56.

Microtubules and Microfilaments

A

All Eukaryotes

Tubes that provide internal structure and allow for movement of the cell. An anchoring place for other organelles. Important for cell division

56
Q

Test

A

13 marks of matching

31 marks in short answers

Biology 30 (5 decks)

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