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Human A&P Chapter 1-4 > Chapter 2- Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 2- Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Element

A

Substance that cannot be broken down by normal chemical means, 92 elements
C, H, N, O2, P, S

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2
Q

Atoms

A

Smallest part of an element that can enter a chemical element

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3
Q

Subatomic particle

A

A particle that is composed of atoms

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4
Q

Protons

A

Are positively charged particles, have mass, and are located in the center, or nucleus of the atom

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5
Q

Electrons

A

Always moving, negative charge, 0 atomic mass unit

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6
Q

Neutrons

A

Neutral charge, 1 atomic mass unit

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7
Q

Atomic weight

A

protons + # neutrons

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8
Q

Atomic number

A

of protons in an atom

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9
Q

Electrical charge

A

of protons - # of electrons

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10
Q

Mixture

A

Two or more atoms in a non-specific ratio

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11
Q

Compound

A

Two or more atoms in a fixed ratio, H2SO4, H2O

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12
Q

Molecule

A

Smallest compound particle that can enter into a chemical reaction, in order to form this energy relationships are developed through atoms, positive and negative atoms attract

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13
Q

Octet rule

A

8, inner cell is FULL and STABLE when it contains 2 electrons, remaining cells are FULL and STABLE when it has 8, each shell must be filled before moving on to the next shell

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14
Q

Chemical bonds

A

Has to have energy to form a bond, energy is released when bond is broken, energy relations is between atoms

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15
Q

Ionic bonds

A

form between two or more atoms by the transfer of one or more electrons between atoms, stable, have to fulfill octet rule

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16
Q

Covalent bond

A

sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms, strongest type of chemical bonds, 3 types

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17
Q

Single covalent bond

A

1

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18
Q

Double covalent bond

A

2

19
Q

Triple covalent bond

A

3 (strongest)

20
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

Electropositive region of one molecule is attracted to the electronegative molecule, water molecules are held together by this, weakest kind of chemical bond

21
Q

Inorganic molecule

A

No carbon contained

22
Q

Water

A

Inorganic molecule, 60% to 70% of body weight, universal solvent, distributes heat, muscles produce heat, digestive tract

23
Q

Non-polar

A

Neutral, stable when added to water

24
Q

Polar

A

Electrical charge, dissolves in water

25
Q

Electrolytes

A

Dissolves in water, releases ions

26
Q

Acids

A

Releases hydrogen bonds when in water,left of 7 on ph scale (more hydrogen ions)

27
Q

Bases

A

Releases OH- ions when in water, right on ph scale

28
Q

Ph scale

A

0-14, 7 is neutral, hydrogen scale,pure water has a ph of 7,each number movement represents a tenfold increase or decrease

29
Q

Organic molecules

A

Contains carbon and hydrogen

30
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Organic, simple sugars,short term energy, CH2O, monosaccharides, has 3 basic structures

31
Q

3 structures of carbohydrates

A

Chains, branched, ring

32
Q

Lipids

A

Non polar, fats, long term energy, hormones, glycerol+ 3 fatty acids

33
Q

Proteins

A

Controls majority of an individual’s physical traits, the shape determines the function, short term energy, contains enzymes

34
Q

Amino Acids

A

Serine. Contains central carbon, a carboxyl group, an amino group, hydrogen. They are initially bonded together when the amine group of 1 amino acid form a peptide bond with the carboxyl group of an adjacent amino acid

35
Q

Enzymes

A

Speed up reactions, there will be no chemical reactions if enzymes weren’t there, each chemical reaction requires a different enzyme

36
Q

Primary

A

Linear sequence of amino acids held together by peptide bonds

37
Q

Secondary

A

Chemical bonds form between the r groups, resulting in a combination of two shapes: helix & pleated sheets

38
Q

Tertiary

A

Further chemicals bonds between the r groups leading to a globular (spherical) shape, some proteins can function at this stage

39
Q

Quaternary

A

At least two independent tertiary structures bond together to form a functional unit – globular (spherical) shape

40
Q

What temp do proteins need to function?

A

98.6

41
Q

What does changing the temp do?

A

Denatures the protein (shape changes & does not work anymore)

42
Q

What pH do proteins need?

A

7.4

43
Q

What does changing pH do?

A

Denatures the protien

44
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

Sugar + Phosphorus + Nitrogenous Base
pH = above 7
Function: energy store & energy transfer (ATP) / information storage (DNA) & information transfer (RNA) /
Info Storage: Info needed to produce proteins is found in nucleus in form of DNA
Info Transfer: RNA is produced in nucleus from DNA, transported out of the nucleus

Human A&P Chapter 1-4 (4 decks)

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