Chapter 2 Notes

Question 1

Tissue

Answer 1

One or more similar cells having a specific function

Question 2

Epithelial

Answer 2

Tissue that covers surfaces and line cavities

Question 3

Epithelial tissue structure

Answer 3

• stratification/ stratified
• 1 layer= simple
• 2 or more layers= stratified

Question 4

Epithelial tissue function

Answer 4

To cover a surface or line a cavity

Question 5

Epithelial tissue types

Answer 5

• simple/stratified squamous
• simple/stratified cuboidal
• simple/stratified columnar
• pseudostratified columnar

Question 6

Simple squamous

Answer 6

• scale like, flat, 1 layer
• involved with diffusion (high concentration to low concentration until everything is even), and filtration
• air sacs of the lungs, line blood vessels
• flexible for blood can flow through

Question 7

Simple cuboidal

Answer 7

• square like, round neuclei in center, 1 layer
• filtration
  -kidney tubules, surface of ovaries

Question 8

Simple columnar

Answer 8

• column, elongated nuclei, 1 layer
• absorption of nutrients, excretion of mucus
• microvilli of digestive tract (lining), trachea

Question 9

Pseudostratified columnar

Answer 9

• looks like multiple layers it is actually 1
• all cells attached to basement membrane
  -secretion, movement across a surface
  -lungs (moves debris out)

Question 10

Stratification

Answer 10

Many layers, look at the surface

Question 11

Stratified squamous

Answer 11

• more than one layer
  -nuclei squished/flat
  -protection
• skin, lines mouth and throat

Question 12

Stratified cuboidal

Answer 12

• more than 1 layer
• round nuclei
• protection
• sweat glands, memory glands, saliva

Question 13

Stratified columnar

Answer 13

• more than 1 layer
  -elongated nuclei
• rare in humans
  -parts of male urethra

Question 14

Transitional

Answer 14

• could have 6-10 layers
• stretched = 3 layers
• at surface cells are dome shaped
• bladder, urethra and utterers

Question 15

Connective tissue (CT) function

Answer 15

• connects tissue
• protection
  -everywhere in the body

Question 16

Connective Tissue (CT) structure

Answer 16

• Everywhere in the body
• cells
  -fibroblasts, osteoblasts, hematopoietic

Question 17

Connective Tissue (CT) fibers

Answer 17

Collagen- adds strength
Elastic fibers- elastin; stretch & recoil
Reticular fibers- collagen; provide a framework for soft organs

Question 18

Connective Tissue (CT) Ground Substance

Answer 18

-fills space between cells and fibers
-help in diffusion of nutrients (especially O & CO2)

Question 19

Loose CT

Answer 19

• not as dense
  1. Areolar CT
  2. Reticular CT
  3. Adipose CT

Question 20

Adipose CT

Answer 20

• fibroblasts (collect fat for protection/insulation
  -found around kidneys & breasts
• looks squamous

Question 21

Dense/fibrous CT Structure

Answer 21

-can see a lot of fibers
-mostly collagen

Question 22

Regular Dense CT

Answer 22

-collagen fibers are densely packed and parallel
- mainly in tendons

Question 23

Irregular Dense CT

Answer 23

-Collagen fibers are random
- able to withstand stretching & Pressure.
- found in epidermis
-ligaments

Question 24

Muscle tissue structure

Answer 24

-highly cellular
- actin/myosin filaments

Question 25

Muscle tissue function

Answer 25

• to contract
  -movement of body

Question 26

Skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 26

-Striated (long and slender)
- most abundant
- help in voluntary movements
- found on bones & places in the skin

Question 27

Smooth muscle tissue

Answer 27

-spindle shaped cells
- no obvious striations
- propel things through intestines
-involuntary
-hollow organs & blood vessels

Question 28

Cardiac Muscle tissue

Answer 28

-heart
-branching & striated
- dark bands allow for quick communication

Question 29

Nervous Tissue

Answer 29

-brain, spinal cord, nerves
-transmit electrical signals
-neurons & neuroglia